{
  "abstract": "The emergence of macroscale brain organisation during the perinatal period represents a critical but poorly understood process. Using resting-state fMRI in 325 term-born neonates within the first month of postnatal life, we characterised the early emergence of macroscale brain organisation with functional gradients. Neonatal functional gradients showed a distinct pattern compared with the canonical adult gradients: the principal gradient in neonates, separating the primary sensorimotor and visual networks, broadly corresponded to the secondary gradient in adults (sensorimotor-visual axis), whereas the secondary gradient in neonates, spanning from primary visual to association networks, aligned with the principal gradient in adults (sensorimotor-association axis). We found that the perinatal emergence of distance-dependent functional connectivity paralleled the development of neonatal functional gradients, potentially underlying the protracted development of the sensorimotor-association hierarchy in neonates. Regions with a higher proportion of short-range functional connectivity were more strongly associated with the sensorimotor-visual gradient in neonates, while regions with a greater proportion of middle- to long-range functional connectivity were more strongly associated with the sensorimotor-association hierarchy. Together, these findings highlight the critical role of short- and long-range functional connectivity, which showed a close correspondence with neonatal macroscale functional hierarchy. Disruptions to this process during the perinatal period may alter macroscale brain organisation and contribute to the early origins of neurodevelopmental conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "King's College London"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Q. Chang"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Oldham"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Fenn-Moltu"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Treder"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Arichi"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. McAlonan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "D. Batalle"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7jr451zgq3vzn.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.05.19.726280",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.19.726280v2.full",
  "id": "7jr451zgq3vzn",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.19.726280v2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2805|Functional Brain Connectivity Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7161881755",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.19.726280v2.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-05-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7jr451zgq3vzn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:07Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.05.19.726280",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.19.726280v2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Emergence of long- and short-range functional connectivity parallels the development of neonatal brain gradients",
  "title_text": "Emergence of long- and short-range functional connectivity parallels the development of neonatal brain gradients",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7jr451zgq3vzn",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}