{
  "abstract": "Recent advancement in electrode materials for achieving high energy density, rapid power supply, and optimal cycling reliability have seen a staggering surge because of significant advancements in energy storage devices. In the modern era, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and transition metal sulfides and phosphates have emerged as viable candidates for high-performance electrode materials. Among these, MOFs have gained prominence as electrode materials due to their porous architecture, large surface area, and abundant active sites. Herein, three vanadium-based electrode materials, vanadium-1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (V-BTCA), vanadium sulfide (VS), and vanadium phosphate (VPO₄), were synthesized and comparatively investigated for electrochemical hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) applications. We conducted an in-depth investigation to elucidate the effects of the linker, sulfide, and phosphate on the electrochemical properties of vanadium-based materials. Of the three materials, V-BTCA was identified as the optimum material and coupled with activated carbon (AC) to form an HSC device. The V-BTCA//AC device delivered excellent performance with a specific capacity (Q s) of 730 C g⁻¹ at 0.8 A g⁻¹, an energy density (E d) of 73.1 Wh kg⁻¹, a power density (P d) of 6800 W kg⁻¹, and the lowest equivalent series resistance (ESR) value of 0.45 Ω, along with 92.83% stability and a coulombic efficiency of 98.15%. Furthermore, the power law was applied to verify the charge-storage behavior of hybrid devices, with b-values of 0.66-0.71, confirming their hybrid nature. The assembled hybrid device showed strong potential for energy storage applications, highlighting the critical role of electrode compatibility and device-level integration in achieving balanced HSC performance, with V-BTCA//AC exhibiting the most favorable overall performance among the investigated devices.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23460 Pakistan taimoorzada3@gmail.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Taimoor Zada",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-3509-2574"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Usman Habib"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hafsa Naseer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Saqib Javed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yaseen Muhammad",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7042-1527"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sana Azmat"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7kp5td6njhze5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07762e",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13643521",
  "id": "7kp5td6njhze5",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846254",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2504|Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220867313",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13643521?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13643521",
  "pmid": "42846254",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7kp5td6njhze5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42846254",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846254"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2504|Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Vanadium-based metal-organic frameworks as superior electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors: a comparative study with vanadium sulfides and phosphates.",
  "title_text": "Vanadium-based metal-organic frameworks as superior electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors: a comparative study with vanadium sulfides and phosphates.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7kp5td6njhze5",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}