{
  "abstract": "Rhinovirus C (RV-C) infection can trigger asthma exacerbations in children and adults, and RV-C-induced wheezing illnesses in preschool children correlate with the development of childhood asthma. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays a critical role in regulating pulmonary innate immunity by binding to numerous respiratory pathogens. Mature SP-A consists of multiple isoforms that form the hetero-oligomers of SP-A1 and SP-A2, organized in 18-mers. In this report, we examined the efficacy of SP-A to antagonize RV-C infection using the wild-type (RV-C15) and reporter-expressing (RV-C15-GFP) viruses in differentiated nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. We also determined the antiviral mechanism of action of SP-A on RV-C15 infection. The native SP-A was purified from alveolar proteinosis patients. The recombinant (r) SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants were expressed in FreeStyle™ 293-F cells. SP-A reduced the fluorescent focus-forming units (FFUs) after RV-C15-GFP infection of NECs by 99%. Both simultaneous and 4 h post-infection treatment with SP-A inhibited RV-C15 and RV-C15-GFP viral RNA load by 97%. In addition, the antiviral genes and chemokines (IFN-λ, IRF-7, MDA-5, and CXLC11) were not induced in the infected NECs due to the inhibition of RV-C propagation by SP-A. Furthermore, SP-A bound strongly to RV-C15 in a dose- and Ca2+-dependent manner, and this interaction inhibited RV-C15 binding to NECs. In contrast, rSP-A1 did not bind to solid-phase RV-C15, whereas the rSP-A2 variants, [A91, K223] and [P91, Q223], had strong binding affinities to RV-C15, similar to native SP-A. This study demonstrates that SP-A might have potential as an antiviral for RV infection and RV-induced asthma exacerbations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "S. Tanyaratsrisakul"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. A. Bochkov"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. White"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Loeffler"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Everman"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. M. Schiltz"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. L. Freeman"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. L. Hamlington"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. A. Secor"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. D. Jackson"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. W. Chu"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. H. Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. G. Ledford"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Kraft"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. A. Seibold"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. R. Voelker"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Numata"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7m9w3v19gmk8v.bib",
  "cited_by": 2,
  "doi": "10.3390/v16111709",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7m9w3v19gmk8v",
  "issns": [
    "1999-4915"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05787899v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sdv.mp"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "2.sdv.mp.vir"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Respiratory viral infections research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4403948629",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1709/pdf?version=1730300368",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "MDPI",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7m9w3v19gmk8v.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:51Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05787899",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05787899v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.mp",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Human Rhinovirus C Binding and Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells from Pediatric Asthma",
  "title_text": "Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Human Rhinovirus C Binding and Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells from Pediatric Asthma",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7m9w3v19gmk8v",
  "venue": "Viruses",
  "versions": []
}