{
  "abstract": "Large B-cell lymphomas, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), provide a clinically important model in which tumor-intrinsic programs, immune recognition, effector-cell fitness, and tissue architecture jointly shape response and resistance to immunotherapy. Although molecular classification has refined the understanding of lymphoma biology, relapse after chemoimmunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, CD20×CD3 bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and immune-combination strategies cannot be explained by genetics or target-antigen expression alone. Single-cell and spatial multi-omics now allow lymphoma to be interpreted as a spatial immune ecosystem composed of malignant B-cell states, exhausted or regulatory T-cell programs, myeloid suppressive hubs, stromal and vascular compartmentalization, metabolic gradients, and local communication networks. This Review synthesizes recent DLBCL and large B-cell lymphoma ecosystem studies from a cancer-immunology perspective, emphasizing how spatial immune organization may influence effector access, antigen engagement, macrophage-mediated suppression, antibody exposure, and treatment-associated spatial change. We propose a treatment-matched validation framework that connects high-dimensional discovery to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-compatible pathology assays, including reduced marker panels for CAR T-cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, ADC-containing therapy, and immune-combination trials. Throughout, we distinguish observed tissue organization from computationally inferred communication and experimentally validated mechanisms. The resulting framework is intended as a trial-design and biomarker-development roadmap, not as a current clinical allocation algorithm.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Third Ward of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , , ,",
    "Medical Oncology Department, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , , ,",
    "Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gaojie Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Junwei Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Han Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Lishuo Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Liuxin Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yuetong Tan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jianxiong Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jifan Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yao Wang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7pvmxzrcfff13.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1916056",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670167/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "7pvmxzrcfff13",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670167",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215031128",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670167/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13670167",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7pvmxzrcfff13.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13670167",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670167"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1916056",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1916056/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Spatial immune ecosystems and therapy resistance in large B-cell lymphoma: from single-cell multi-omics to immunotherapy-matched validation",
  "title_text": "Spatial immune ecosystems and therapy resistance in large B-cell lymphoma: from single-cell multi-omics to immunotherapy-matched validation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7pvmxzrcfff13",
  "venue": "Frontiers in immunology",
  "versions": []
}