{
  "abstract": "Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder associated with altered brain connectivity. The influence of genetic risks on cortico-cerebellar effective connectivity (EC) remains unclear. The present study investigates how reading proficiency and the READ1 deletion (READ1d) in the DCDC2 gene modulate visuo-attentional network dynamics. Functional MRI data were acquired in 78 children (DD and typical readers, with/without READ1d) performing a coherent motion detection task. EC within a seven-region visuo-attentional network, including magnocellular, ventral attention, and cerebellar (crus I) regions, was estimated using Dynamic Causal Modelling. Group-level effects were assessed using Parametric Empirical Bayes within a hierarchical Bayesian framework, testing reading proficiency, READ1d status, and their interaction (posterior probability threshold, Pp > 0.95). Reading proficiency was associated with increased cerebellar influence on visual and frontal regions, alongside reduced intra-cortical connectivity within dorsal stream pathways. The presence of READ1d was associated with reduced EC from primary visual and cerebellar regions to magnocellular and ventral attention networks, and increased intra-cortical interactions. The interaction between DD and READ1d revealed further reductions in cortico-cerebellar connectivity and altered network dynamics. Group-level analyses revealed EC differences in cortico-cerebellar pathways, which are reported as exploratory findings. Cortico–cerebellar EC is modulated by both reading proficiency and genetic susceptibility. Altered cerebellar contributions to visuo-attentional processes may represent a potential imaging-genetic signature of dyslexia, warranting replication in independent samples and validation through longitudinal and multimodal approaches.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Brain and Behavioral sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy",
    "Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy",
    "Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy",
    "Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy",
    "Digital Neuroscience Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy",
    "NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL (University College London), London, UK"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gökçe Korkmaz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Roberta Maria Lorenzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Valentina Lampis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Denis Peruzzo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Filippo Arrigoni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Doris Pischedda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Egidio D'Angelo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fulvia Palesi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sara Mascheretti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Claudia A.M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7q0qk0azx4zrs.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2026.104081",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13720471/",
  "id": "7q0qk0azx4zrs",
  "issns": [
    "2213-1582"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2026.104081",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Regular Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3204|Reading and Literacy Development"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223196302",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13720471",
  "pmid": "42914593",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7q0qk0azx4zrs.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13720471",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2026.104081"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Altered Cortico-cerebellar effective connectivity of the Visuo-attentional system is associated with READ1 deletion in developmental dyslexia",
  "title_text": "Altered Cortico-cerebellar effective connectivity of the Visuo-attentional system is associated with READ1 deletion in developmental dyslexia",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7q0qk0azx4zrs",
  "venue": "NeuroImage: Clinical",
  "versions": []
}