{
  "abstract": "IntroductionUnsafe pesticide handling in vegetable production poses risks to applicators, consumers and ecosystems. This study assessed pesticide safety knowledge and its socioeconomic and institutional correlates among vegetable growers in Central Uttar Pradesh, India.MethodsA cross-sectional ex-post facto survey was conducted in 2025 among 320 growers from eight villages in Kannauj and Farrukhabad districts, using structured interviews supplemented by field documentation. Knowledge was assessed using a 38-item test. Nine predictors were examined using multiple linear regression; an observed-variable path representation summarized the same adjusted relationships.ResultsMean age was 41.58 years; 78.13% were literate and 55.94% operated holdings below 1 ha. Low, medium and high farming experience comprised 43 (13.44%), 230 (71.88%) and 47 (14.69%) growers, respectively. Medium knowledge predominated (65.31%), followed by low (17.50%) and high (17.19%). Regression explained 35.6% of knowledge-score variance (adjusted R2 = 0.337; F (9, 310) = 19.023, p < 0.001). Education (B = 0.282, p = 0.006), experience (B = 0.080, p = 0.012) and information-source score (B = 0.300, p < 0.001) had positive adjusted associations. Training was not significant (p = 0.731); 85.31% reported none. The saturated path representation had zero degrees of freedom, precluding meaningful global-fit interpretation.DiscussionThe findings support evaluating access to credible safety information and training quality and reach. Cross-sectional associations do not establish causation, and interpretation remains subject to predictor-coding and diagnostic limitations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Extension Education, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India",
    "Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India",
    "ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India",
    "ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Gogamukh, Assam, India",
    "Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research (CMDR), Dharwad, Karnataka, India",
    "Polytechnic in Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha, Gujarat, India",
    "Department of Extension Education, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Prashish Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kalyan Ghadei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shubhadeep Roy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jaydeep Halder"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dibyendu Deb"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Basavaprabhu Jirli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Seema Naberia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sonam Agarwal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gyan Shukla"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jagriti Kumari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Harshit Paliwal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Monikarani Pradhan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pise Onkar Namdeo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7qsw8xep5m6z3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fsufs.2026.1989803",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1989803/full",
  "id": "7qsw8xep5m6z3",
  "issns": [
    "2571-581X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1989803",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "TP368-456"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TX341-641"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity"
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  "openalex": "W7225249833",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7qsw8xep5m6z3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T14:21:15Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
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  ],
  "title": "Socioeconomic and institutional factors associated with pesticide safety knowledge among vegetable farmers in Central Uttar Pradesh, India",
  "title_text": "Socioeconomic and institutional factors associated with pesticide safety knowledge among vegetable farmers in Central Uttar Pradesh, India",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T14:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7qsw8xep5m6z3",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems",
  "versions": []
}