{ "abstract": "The importance of sleep as a key component of cardiovascular health has been increasingly recognized. Our previous research demonstrated that auditory-enhanced slow waves increase cardiac function, but the underlying mechanisms behind these beneficial effects remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the influence of two types of slow waves on cardiovascular functions. 18 healthy middle-aged men participated in a three-night sleep lab experiment under three conditions: two auditory slow wave enhancement conditions and one SHAM control. We found that the strength of heart rate and blood pressure responses occurring concurrently with slow waves predicts post-sleep cardiac function in men as measured through transthoracic echocardiography. Furthermore, we observed that highly synchronized type I slow waves, compared to lower-amplitude type II slow waves, are primarily associated with increased cardiovascular responses (transient increase in heart rate and blood pressure). While auditory stimulation enhances both types of slow waves, they display distinct temporal dynamics, suggesting different underlying brain and body microstates. These distinct slow wave types may affect cardiovascular function differently, indicating that targeted slow wave stimulation could be a strategic approach to enhancing cardiac function. Trial Registration: This study was registered under clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04166916).", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano", "Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of HealthSciences and Technology, ETH Zurich", "Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 2033 Milan, Italy", "Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of HealthSciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 809 Zurich, Switzerland", "MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca", "MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy", "Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich", "Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland", "Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Medicine Campus Davos", "Department of Cardiology, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Medicine Campus Davos", "Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Medicine Campus Davos, 725 Davos, Switzerland", "Department of Cardiology, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Medicine Campus Davos, 726 Davos, Switzerland", "Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS", "Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy", "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois", "The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience", "The Sense Innovation and Research Center", "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland", "The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands", "The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Switzerland", "Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich", "Child Development Centre, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich", "Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich", "Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, ETH Zurich", "Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland", "Child Development Centre, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland", "Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland", "Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland", "Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Center, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)", "Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Center, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 17, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], "name": "Giulia Alessandrelli", "orcid": "0000-0003-4924-1094" }, { "affs": [ 1, 3 ], "name": "Stephanie Huwiler", "orcid": "0000-0001-8894-4871" }, { "affs": [ 4, 5 ], "name": "Giulio Bernardi", "orcid": "0000-0003-4045-7075" }, { "affs": [ 1, 3 ], "name": "Manuel Carro‐Domínguez", "orcid": "0000-0003-2644-8594" }, { "affs": [ 1, 3 ], "name": "Fabia M. Stich", "orcid": "0000-0001-9692-845X" }, { "affs": [ 1, 3 ], "name": "Rossella Sala" }, { "affs": [ 1, 3 ], "name": "Florent Aziri", "orcid": "0009-0003-9770-8864" }, { "affs": [ 1, 3 ], "name": "Anna Trippel", "orcid": "0000-0003-2104-083X" }, { "affs": [ 6, 7 ], "name": "Susanne Markendorf", "orcid": "0000-0002-9115-4667" }, { "affs": [ 8, 9, 6, 10, 11, 7 ], "name": "David Niederseer", "orcid": "0000-0003-3089-1222" }, { "affs": [ 9, 6, 11, 7 ], "name": "Philipp Bohm", "orcid": "0000-0001-9232-7518" }, { "affs": [ 0, 12, 2, 13 ], "name": "Pietro Cerveri", "orcid": "0000-0003-3995-8673" }, { "affs": [ 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ], "name": "Francesca Siclari", "orcid": "0000-0003-2061-9719" }, { "affs": [ 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 ], "name": "Reto Huber", "orcid": "0000-0002-1400-9466" }, { "affs": [ 28, 1, 23, 29, 3, 27 ], "name": "Nicole Wenderoth", "orcid": "0000-0002-3246-9386" }, { "affs": [ 6, 7 ], "name": "Christian Marc Schmied", "orcid": "0000-0001-5701-0697" }, { "affs": [ 20, 1, 23, 24, 3, 27 ], "name": "Caroline Lustenberger", "orcid": "0000-0001-6243-8831" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7qysg8pmk6c7r.bib", "cited_by": 5, "doi": "10.1111/jsr.70354", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "7qysg8pmk6c7r", "issns": [ "0962-1105", "1365-2869" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70354", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2805|Sleep and Wakefulness Research" ] ], "openalex": "W4396672748", "pdf_url": null, "pmcid": "PMC13619023", "pmid": "42220219", "published": "2026-06-01", "publisher": "Wiley", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7qysg8pmk6c7r.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:53Z", "native_id": "W4396672748", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70354" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "openalex:2805|Sleep and Wakefulness Research", "subfield": "neuroscience" } ], "title": "Cardiovascular Responses to Natural and Auditory Evoked Slow Waves Predict Post‐Sleep Cardiac Function", "title_text": "Cardiovascular Responses to Natural and Auditory Evoked Slow Waves Predict Post‐Sleep Cardiac Function", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:14Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7qysg8pmk6c7r", "venue": "Journal of Sleep Research", "versions": [] }