{
  "abstract": "Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animal production poses a significant public health and agricultural challenge in Nigeria, driven by antimicrobial misuse, weak regulatory enforcement, and limited veterinary infrastructure. This cross-sectional study was conducted January-July 2025 across seven North-Central Nigerian states, assessed self-reported awareness, self-rated knowledge, perceptions, and implementation of AMR interventions among 800 stakeholders across five professional groups. Data were collected via online and in-person questionnaires and analysed descriptively with chi-square tests. Awareness of AMR was high (90.5%; n = 724), with 95.4% (n = 763) recognising it as a public health concern; however, only 17.9% (n = 143) self-rated their knowledge as excellent, significantly associated with profession (χ²=12.52, df = 12, p = 0.01) and education level (χ²=10.27, df = 9, p = 0.02). The most frequently perceived drivers of AMR were poor biosecurity (75.5%), weak veterinary oversight (75.0%), counterfeit drugs (73.9%), and antimicrobial overuse (72.9%), all varying significantly by profession (χ²=6.81-10.69, df = 4, p < 0.05). Education/awareness campaigns were most frequently selected as the most effective intervention (24.4%), with intervention rankings differing significantly by profession (χ²=13.62, df = 16, p < 0.01) and state (χ²=21.02, df = 24, p < 0.01). Awareness of the Federal AMR Committee varied markedly by profession (57.9% overall; χ²=167.36, df = 4, p < 0.001), highest among veterinarians (89.0%). Overall, 60.5% (n = 484) considered current regulations insufficient, differing significantly by profession (χ²=5.03, df = 8, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that while national-level AMR governance structures are recognised and valued, their perceived impact is limited by gaps in sub-national capacity and implementation. Strengthening local-level resources, regulatory enforcement, and targeted training may help translate policy into practice, addressing gaps in awareness, knowledge, and implementation capacity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.",
    "Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. jolayemikelvin@yahoo.com.",
    "Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.",
    "Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jones Soladoye Akinbobola"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3840-8955"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abdullahi Olawale Bello"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mujeeb Adetayo Adegbenro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ruth Ifeoluwapo Akinbobola"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Amina Ibrahim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7r7qxg3he20ng.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12917-026-05755-7",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13685284",
  "id": "7r7qxg3he20ng",
  "issns": [
    "1746-6148"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902362",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2402|Antibiotic Use and Resistance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170139666",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13685284?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13685284",
  "pmid": "42902362",
  "published": "2026-07-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7r7qxg3he20ng.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:42Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42902362",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902362"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2402|Antibiotic Use and Resistance",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Stakeholder perceptions of antimicrobial resistance governance in livestock production: a cross-sectional study from North-Central Nigeria.",
  "title_text": "Stakeholder perceptions of antimicrobial resistance governance in livestock production: a cross-sectional study from North-Central Nigeria.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7r7qxg3he20ng",
  "venue": "BMC veterinary research",
  "versions": []
}