{
  "abstract": "A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was molecularly tailored from tributylphosphine oxide and octanoic acid via hydrogen-bonding and employed as an efficient extractant in a novel ultrasound-assisted paired-drop microextraction (UAE-PDME) method for metribuzin determination in urine. The DES structure was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The innovative paired-drop design addresses a key practical challenge: while ultrasound efficiently disperses the extractant, quantitatively retrieving a minute volume (e.g., 2 µL) of dispersed solvent from an aqueous sample is nearly impossible. This method solves this by using a second, hanging DES droplet that coalesces with the dispersed microdroplets during gentle stirring, enabling efficient, complete, and centrifugation-free collection of the enriched phase. After optimization of key parameters, the method was rigorously validated using spiked urine samples. It demonstrated excellent performance: a wide linear range of 5–500 µg/L, low limits of detection and quantification of 0.20 and 0.67 µg/L, respectively, high precision (RSD < 3.6%), quantitative recoveries (99.5–103.1%) with negligible matrix effect (− 4.2%) and high solvent phase recovery (98.5%). The high extraction efficiency is attributed to the DES’s rational molecular design. The DES-UAE-PDME method represents a green, rational, and effective sample preparation strategy for trace pesticide monitoring using conventional HPLC–UV instrumentation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Health and Environment Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS)",
    "Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Mehran Pourhossein"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7rhrs5de9nhr2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-61712-2",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61712-2",
  "id": "7rhrs5de9nhr2",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61712-2",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "lcc",
      "Q"
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      "lcc",
      "R"
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      "openalex",
      "1602|Analytical chemistry methods development"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-61712-2_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7rhrs5de9nhr2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:53Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61712-2"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1602|Analytical chemistry methods development",
      "subfield": "analytical"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based paired-drop microextraction method for the trace determination of metribuzin in urine samples",
  "title_text": "A novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based paired-drop microextraction method for the trace determination of metribuzin in urine samples",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7rhrs5de9nhr2",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}