{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Genotype × environment interaction (G×E) complicates the identification of high-yielding and stable cowpea genotypes across variable production environments. This study evaluated 20 advanced cowpea breeding lines for grain yield, stability, and multi-trait performance across five location-year environments in Ghana during the 2024 and 2025 cropping seasons.\n\nMethods: Trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Both seasons were drought-prone, although moisture stress varied among location-year environments because of erratic rainfall distribution. Grain yield was analysed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analyses, while grain yield, biomass yield, harvest index, hundred-seed weight, and days to 95% pod maturity were integrated using the Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI).\n\nResults: Analysis of variance revealed significant (p < 0.001) effects of environment, genotype, and G×E. The first two interaction principal components explained 92.15% of G×E variation, with Wa_2025 showing the largest IPCA1 score. Tuzievallenga had the highest mean grain yield (1149 kg ha ⁻¹ ), whereas IT17K-2030–2 had the lowest AMMI Stability Value (ASV = 114.54). Five genotypes combined high yield with relative stability: Tuzievallenga, IT17K-2030-2, IT17K-1095-2-2, IT17K-849-2-1, and IT17K-1802-1. MTSI values ranged from 2.035 to 5.518, with IT17K-1095-2-2, IT17K-849-2-1, IT17K-1403-1-1, IT17K-2024-4, and Tuzievallenga having the lowest values. IT17K-1095-2-2, IT17K-849-2-1, and Tuzievallenga were common to the top five selections from both approaches. GGE identified one common sector comprising Damongo_2024, Manga_2025, and Nyankpala_2024, with Tuzievallenga as the winning genotype, while Wa_2025 and Nyankpala_2025 formed distinct sectors associated with SARI-tuya and IT17K-1266-2-1, respectively.\n\nDiscussion/Conclusion: The findings demonstrate substantial G×E differentiation and identify promising genotypes for farmer-managed on-farm evaluation and complementary use in cowpea breeding.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Cowpea Improvement Programme, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI)"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Theophilus Kwabla Tengey"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Attamah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Peter Quandahor"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ophelia Asirifi Amoako"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mariam Seidu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Memunatu Issahaku"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rashid Seidu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mathew Bapaak Laar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "David Nayindow Kpasah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Josiah Darko Osei-Wusu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7tvh245d4p52b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1897494",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690774/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "7tvh245d4p52b",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1897494/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Genetics and Plant Breeding"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221143124",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690774/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13690774",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7tvh245d4p52b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1897494",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1897494/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:00Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13690774",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13690774"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Genetics and Plant Breeding",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrated AMMI, GGE Biplot, and MTSI analyses reveal yield stability and adaptation patterns in cowpea in Ghana",
  "title_text": "Integrated AMMI, GGE Biplot, and MTSI analyses reveal yield stability and adaptation patterns in cowpea in Ghana",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7tvh245d4p52b",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Plant Science",
  "versions": []
}