{
  "abstract": "The neck is a challenging area for aesthetic rejuvenation due to its thin dermis and the risk of nodule formation associated with traditional particulate fillers. A novel, liquid-type polycaprolactone (PCL) offers a potential alternative by mitigating these risks. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of liquid-type PCL for the treatment of horizontal neck lines in Asian patients. In this prospective, open-label, single-arm pilot study, 30 Asian subjects received three sessions of liquid-type PCL (GOURI; 210 mg/mL, 21% PCL) injections at one-month intervals using a subdermal cannula technique. All participants completed the treatment series; follow-up data were available for 29 participants at 1 month and 28 participants at both 3 and 6 months after completion of treatment. Objective biophysical parameters, including skin elasticity (Cutometer) and skin texture/wrinkle depth (Antera 3D), were assessed over a 6-month follow-up period. Subjective satisfaction and safety were also evaluated. Visual and quantitative assessments demonstrated measurable improvement in horizontal neck lines and skin quality over 6 months. In participant-level paired analyses, skin distensibility (R0) decreased from 0.214 ± 0.089 at baseline to 0.102 ± 0.091 at 6 months (mean change, −0.109; 95% CI, −0.152 to −0.066; standardized mean change [Cohen’s dz], −1.03; p < 0.001). Gross elasticity (R2) changed from 66.66 ± 15.72 to 38.16 ± 29.35 (mean change, −28.68; 95% CI, −40.70 to −16.67; dz, −0.93; p < 0.001). Skin roughness, volume of depression, and melanin index also decreased significantly. At 6 months, 85% of participants with available follow-up data reported ≥ 51% improvement. The treatment was generally well tolerated; one participant developed mild bruising that resolved spontaneously within 8 days. Liquid-type PCL may represent a safe and minimally invasive option for neck rejuvenation in appropriately selected patients. These pilot data suggest measurable improvement in neck skin texture, firmness-related parameters, and pigmentation; however, controlled studies with longer follow-up and blinded evaluation are required to confirm efficacy, durability, and optimal candidate selection.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Panwadee Thongjaroensirikul",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-5663-4790"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thanya Techapichetvanich",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9590-8887"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pitchaya Maneeprasopchoke"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ya-Nin Nokdhes",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5844-6038"
    },
    {
      "name": "Panyapat Buranaporn",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7954-534X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Teerapat Wannawittayapa",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-3500-1018"
    },
    {
      "name": "Woramate Bhorntarakcharoen",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-1092-455X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sariya Sittiwanaruk",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-5236-4193"
    },
    {
      "name": "Puntarika Abhinoraseth"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pornsuk Yamlexnoi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Onjira Meethong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3926-2193"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7v8nb6w36px0b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-73937-2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7v8nb6w36px0b",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73937-2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2708|Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215132602",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73937-2_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7v8nb6w36px0b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-73937-2",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73937-2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2708|Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Preliminary safety and efficacy of liquid-type polycaprolactone for neck rejuvenation in Asian adults in a prospective pilot study",
  "title_text": "Preliminary safety and efficacy of liquid-type polycaprolactone for neck rejuvenation in Asian adults in a prospective pilot study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7v8nb6w36px0b",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}