{ "abstract": "Arsenic(iii) and iron(ii) are two of the most harmful inorganic pollutants that occur naturally in water environments and commercially in industrial settings; therefore, when they both appear simultaneously, there have been long-lasting issues for both human health and aquatic ecosystems. A functionalized metal-organic framework composite known as CIP-UiO-66 has been synthesized through post-synthetic modification of NH₂-UiO-66(Zr) with ciprofloxacin (CIP) using glutaraldehyde-mediated Schiff-base condensation. The properties of the newly developed material were investigated using several analytical techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), elemental mapping, and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS FT-IR). The BET specific surface area of CIP-UiO-66 was found to be 906.42 m² g⁻¹, with a pore size distribution having a maximum centered around 1.17 nm and a total pore volume of 4.15 cm³ g⁻¹. These results suggest that the synthesized material possesses a hierarchical micro-mesoporous structure that provides adequate space for analyte confinement and rapid transport. A dual detection system that responds to changes in pH has been designed as a means of improving the accuracy of spectrophotometric measurements of arsenic(iii) at pH 7.0 and iron(ii) at pH 6.0 on a single composite substrate. The optimum conditions of operation for the dual detection system have been determined, resulting in two linear response regions for each analyte: As(iii) from 0.0175 to 0.10 ppm (R ² = 0.9989) and Fe(ii) from 0.0106 to 0.08 ppm (R ² = 0.9993). In addition, low-detection limits have been observed for both analytes: 1.75 × 10⁻² ppm (17.5 µg L⁻¹) for As(iii) and 1.06 × 10⁻² ppm (10.6 µg L⁻¹) for Fe(ii). Although the LOD for Fe(ii) is significantly lower than the reference value of 300 µg L⁻¹ for Fe(ii) in drinking water, the LOD for As(iii) is higher than the reference value of 10 µg L⁻¹ for As(iii) in drinking water. Both analytes reach signal equilibrium within 10 minutes. Selectivity was tested against twelve different co-existing cations at equivalent molar ratios as interferences; additionally, DFT studies were performed to obtain mechanistic insights into the differing interactions of As(iii) and Fe(ii) with the sensing ligand. A decrease in the HOMO-LUMO energy difference was observed as a result of coordination; with an energy difference of 0.1580 hartree being found in the case of the uncoordinated ligand and 0.1424 hartree in the case of GA-CIP@As³⁺ and 0.1089 hartree in the case of GA-CIP@Fe²⁺. A validation of the real sample was performed on tap water and boiler water which showed recovery percentages of 98.13-101.33% (using the developed methodology) and was supported by ICP-OES results indicating that the methodology has both a high level of accuracy and potential to be applied to practical applications. It has been shown that the CIP-UiO-66 sensor can maintain its performance after six regeneration cycles showing that it is a durable, portable, and capable platform for simultaneously monitoring trace metals within complex environmental samples.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia.", "Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border University Arar 73222 Saudi Arabia.", "Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P. O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia.", "Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company Port Said 42511 Egypt maher.elafify@yahoo.com." ], "article_type": "research article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 8, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Raedah A S Alatawi" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Nawaa Ali H Alshammari", "orcid": "0000-0002-1996-7890" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Nadia H Elsayed" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Maymounah N Alharthi" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Duna A K Alenazi" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Abeer Abdulaziz H Bukhari" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Menier Al-Anazi" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "M A M El-Afify", "orcid": "0000-0002-8764-7303" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7vfz2z3g71nee.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1039/d6ra06564c", "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13647581", "id": "7vfz2z3g71nee", "issns": [ "2046-2069" ], "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42851895", "language": "eng", "licence": "CC-BY-NC", "licence_label": "CC BY-NC", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "1604|Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications" ] ], "openalex": "W7220948135", "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13647581?pdf=render", "pmcid": "PMC13647581", "pmid": "42851895", "published": "2026-10-08", "publisher": null, "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7vfz2z3g71nee.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z", "native_id": "MED:42851895", "source": "europepmc", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42851895" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "chemistry", "origin": "openalex:1604|Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications", "subfield": "inorganic" } ], "title": "A ciprofloxacin-functionalized NH₂-UiO-66 metal-organic framework for pH-switchable dual spectrophotometric detection of As(iii) and Fe(ii): mechanistic insights, DFT validation, and water analysis.", "title_text": "A ciprofloxacin-functionalized NH₂-UiO-66 metal-organic framework for pH-switchable dual spectrophotometric detection of As(iii) and Fe(ii): mechanistic insights, DFT validation, and water analysis.", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7vfz2z3g71nee", "venue": "RSC advances", "versions": [] }