{
  "abstract": "Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Recent work indicates that bone-marrow hematopoietic niches sense CNS autoimmunity and enhance myeloid output. However, whether MS bone marrow contains an immunometabolic PMN-MDSC-like state, and whether related ARG1-associated observations can be examined in a cross-species EAE context, remains unclear.\n\nMethods: We reanalyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from treatment-naive patients with MS and healthy controls, focusing on myeloid states. We used donor-aware proportion analysis, trajectory inference, module scoring, donor-pseudobulk pathway enrichment, expression-based transcription-factor prioritization, co-expression analysis, ligand-target inference, and ARG1 virtual perturbation. We also quantified flow-gated bone marrow PMN-MDSCs and ARG1 protein in MOG35-55-induced EAE and tested systemic prophylactic oral nor-NOHA.\n\nResults: MS bone marrow showed myeloid skewing and a heterogeneous PMN-MDSC-like transcriptional state, while donor-level subtype proportions were comparable between groups. Neutrophil degranulation showed the strongest BH-supported donor-pseudobulk enrichment, and expression-based regulatory and communication analyses converged on an ARG1-associated network. In EAE, flow-gated bone-marrow PMN-MDSCs and ARG1 protein were increased, and systemic prophylactic nor-NOHA was associated with lower clinical scores and reduced spinal-cord pathology.\n\nConclusions: These data identify an ARG1-associated immunometabolic program in bone-marrow PMN-MDSC-like cells and connect the human transcriptional landscape with ARG1 protein expression and pharmacologic responses in EAE. Together, the findings establish ARG1-associated immunometabolism as a focused pathway for mechanistic and translational investigation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin and Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital",
    "Thermoregulation and Inflammation Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College",
    "Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hengchang Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiwei Fu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yingchun Bi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ranran Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pengfei Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bolin He"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Baoting Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Honglei Ren"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7x11xwjfknpad.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1924483",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13713772",
  "id": "7x11xwjfknpad",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1924483/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221755207",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1924483/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13713772",
  "pmid": "42953092",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7x11xwjfknpad.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1924483",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1924483/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953092",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953092"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:21:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13713772",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1924483"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "An ARG1-associated immunometabolic program in bone marrow PMN-MDSC-like cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis",
  "title_text": "An ARG1-associated immunometabolic program in bone marrow PMN-MDSC-like cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:21:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7x11xwjfknpad",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}