{
  "abstract": "Background: Lichenoid and granulomatous stomatitis (LGS) is a rare condition, with clinicopathological features resembling lichenoid and granulomatous dermatitis. Despite increasing reports, its etiology remains unclear and detailed immunohistochemical (IHC) studies are lacking.\n\nMethods: We analyzed three new LGS cases, comparatively assessed with six cases each of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesion (OLL), and oral leukoplakia (OL) showing lichenoid infiltrate. Histopathologic patterns were classified using the modified Magro & Crowson system, and IHC analysis included lymphocyte subsets, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Statistical comparisons were performed using Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test.\n\nResults: All LGS cases showed lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, microgranulomas, and perivascular/perineural lymphohistiocytic aggregates. IHC analysis revealed that LGS showed a significantly larger amount of macrophages (CD11c+/CD68+/CD163+) indicating M1/M2 equilibrium, CD3+ and CD8+ T‐cells, FOXP3+ regulatory T‐cells, and submucosal dendritic cells (FXIIIA+/CD209+) when compared to OLP/OLL/OL. Langerhans cells (CD1a+/CD207+) were similarly observed, whereas CD20+ B‐cells were scarce.\n\nConclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive IHC analysis of LGS, highlighting distinctive macrophage, T‐cell, and dendritic cell profiles. These findings contribute to understanding LGS pathogenesis, support its diagnostic distinction, and suggest potential immunotherapeutic targets.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Diagnosis and Surgery São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry Araraquara SP Brazil",
    "Department of Dentistry, Clinical Stomatology Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys Diamantina MG Brazil",
    "Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP) University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil",
    "Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP) University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil",
    "Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry Autonomous University of the State of Mexico Toluca Mexico",
    "Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery State University of Northern Paraná (UENP) Jacarezinho PR Brazil"
  ],
  "article_type": "brief report",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mariana Paravani Palaçon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8317-2531"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Karina Kendelhy Santos",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3393-7388"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Karina Helen Martins",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-3883-6141"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cecília Aparecida de Oliveira Campos",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-5847-7433"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ana Terezinha Marques Mesquita",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6774-726X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Evânio Vilela Silva",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9883-9776"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Thales Peres Candido Moreira",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0622-3075"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Gabriel Enrique Tantalean Laor",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-5462-0702"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Victor Hugo Toral‐Rizo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0839-0771"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Alan Grupioni Lourenço",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4005-157X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Heitor Albergoni Silveira",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6724-3504"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jorge Esquiche León",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9668-5870"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andreia Bufalino",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6714-6253"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7x4sjke5jz4rt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/cup.70183",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13727351/",
  "id": "7x4sjke5jz4rt",
  "issns": [
    "0303-6987",
    "1600-0560"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70183",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Brief Communication"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3506|Oral Health Pathology and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171242265",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13727351",
  "pmid": "42499255",
  "published": "2026-07-25",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7x4sjke5jz4rt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:23:27Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13727351",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70183"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lichenoid and Granulomatous Stomatitis: Three Additional Cases and Detailed Immunohistochemical Analysis",
  "title_text": "Lichenoid and Granulomatous Stomatitis: Three Additional Cases and Detailed Immunohistochemical Analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:23:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7x4sjke5jz4rt",
  "venue": "Journal of Cutaneous Pathology",
  "versions": []
}