{
  "abstract": "Sample preparation, not instrumental detection, limits PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) quantification to current regulatory thresholds. This review covers 35 PFAS-specific extraction methods, including dispersive solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction (dSPE/SPME, n = 15), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME, n = 7), and magnetic particle-based extraction (MSPE/DSPE, n = 13). We assessed their performance, tested four established green metrics (AGREE, GAPI, Eco-Scale, and AGREEprep) against PFAS workflow demands, examined the role of automation in throughput and contamination control, and compared trade-offs across the three families. MSPE scored highest on reviewer-assigned green metrics (6.6 vs. 5.9 for the other two families), mostly because field separation and sorbent reuse cut solvent and energy use, not because individual methods were better optimized. Only 5 of the 35 methods reported a formal green metric, while the other 30 relied on narrative claims. None of the four major metrics accounts for sorbent synthesis energy, fluorinated internal standard production, or contamination-control infrastructure costs each PFAS method carries. We propose reporting the synthesis energy per extraction cycle as a fix that does not require a new framework. No single method leads to sensitivity, sustainability, scope, matrix tolerance, and throughput simultaneously; these trade-offs are structural. We close with a practical selection framework and case for a PFAS-specific green metric.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry",
    "University of Agriculture"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Bilal",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-9122-5807"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mahnoor Saeed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ayela Akbar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haseeb Hassan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Faisal Latif"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Hasnain"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Ali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Raziya Nadeem"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7xnymw8yr4yyy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008277/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7xnymw8yr4yyy",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008277/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2304|Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7208708123",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008277/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-03",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7xnymw8yr4yyy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008277",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008277/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2304|Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research",
      "subfield": "environmental"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Extraction Strategies for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Critical Comparative Framework Integrating Sensitivity, Sustainability, and Analytical Trade-offs",
  "title_text": "Extraction Strategies for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Critical Comparative Framework Integrating Sensitivity, Sustainability, and Analytical Trade-offs",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7xnymw8yr4yyy",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}