{
  "abstract": "We present a multiscale kinetic framework for predicting the induction, processing, and biological consequences of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in AG1522 human fibroblasts exposed to combined proton and 15-nm GNP irradiation. The model connects proton dose and linear energy transfer (LET), perinuclear GNP localization, secondary-electron and reactive-species production, and Poisson--Gamma-distributed lesion induction. Initial DSBs are separated into simple and complex classes and coupled to an ATM--$γ$H2AX--53BP1 signalling cascade, cell-cycle-dependent allocation among canonical non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination, alternative end joining, and single-strand annealing, and class-specific repair fidelities. The model identifies the initial complex-lesion fraction and its slower resolution, rather than post-irradiation conversion of simple DSBs, as the principal determinants of persistent damage under high-LET, GNP-enhanced irradiation. The residual-DSB results provide strong internal out-of-sample validation of the kinetic component. However, the opposing biases in correct repair and misrepair reveal an inconsistency between the class-specific fidelities and the supplied integrated-fidelity endpoint. These repair-fate predictions should therefore be regarded as model-constrained estimates pending independent measurements of correct-end joining, mutation, chromosome aberrations, and clonogenic survival.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.29157",
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mushtaq Loan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7y848n86r22b5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.29157",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7y848n86r22b5",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29157",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "q-bio.SC"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223224461",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29157",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7y848n86r22b5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:35:20Z",
      "native_id": "2610.29157",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29157"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "arxiv:q-bio.SC",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Multiscale Kinetic Model of DNA Damage Signalling and Repair under Combined Proton and Nanoparticle Exposure",
  "title_text": "A Multiscale Kinetic Model of DNA Damage Signalling and Repair under Combined Proton and Nanoparticle Exposure",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7y848n86r22b5",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}