{
  "abstract": "In this contribution, Part I, we present a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical formulation for modeling and analyzing water-to-ice phase change in a deformable fully-saturated porous medium. It is implemented in the multi-physics computational platform OpenGeoSys-6. We compute a series of carefully designed benchmark problems which critically examine the corresponding formulation components and the overall implementation. Several ingredients that have a qualitative and quantitative impact on the numerical results are identified, particularly dissected and commented on. Simulations also account for soil deformation induced by freezing (as a result of 9% volumetric expansion caused by water-to-ice phase transition). The forthcoming Part II will complete the code verification and validation campaign by considering a real full-scale three-dimensional case study of shallow subsurface ice storage. More specifically, we simulate the ice growth process in a fully saturated soil specimen surrounding a group of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) that contain subzero temperature coolant fluid. A snapshot of the numerical results of this task is already depicted here in Part I as a teaser.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2608.30591",
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Tymofiy Gerasimov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christian B. Silbermann"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dmitri Naumov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Olaf Kolditz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haibing Shao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas Nagel"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7yrajtqnwh6d7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.30591",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7yrajtqnwh6d7",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30591",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2205|Soil and Unsaturated Flow"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204905403",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30591",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-31",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7yrajtqnwh6d7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
      "native_id": "2608.30591",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30591"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.flu-dyn",
      "subfield": "fluid-dynamics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Freezing of a deformable water-saturated porous medium. Part I: THM formulation, OpenGeoSys-6 implementation and benchmarking",
  "title_text": "Freezing of a deformable water-saturated porous medium. Part I: THM formulation, OpenGeoSys-6 implementation and benchmarking",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7yrajtqnwh6d7",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}