{
  "abstract": "Comprehensive self-report personality inventories can impose substantial response burden, motivating the development of more efficient assessment strategies and the exploration of complementary information sources. Guided by Dual-Process Theory, this exploratory study examined a questionnaire-primary residual fusion framework in which a reduced questionnaire response vector served as the main predictive source, while static abstract line drawings were evaluated as a bounded auxiliary source of information. A total of 100 participants completed the 187-item Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and provided unprompted abstract line drawings. To account for the small sample size and reduce optimistic bias, we used participant-level repeated cross-validation, fold-local questionnaire item selection, standardized image preprocessing, cross-fitted residual learning, and nested selection of the visual correction scale. The reduced questionnaire provided a useful but imperfect held-out approximation of the full-form 16PF reference scores, with factor-level Pearson correlations ranging from 0.34 to 0.78. In contrast, the static drawing modality did not provide stable incremental predictive value. Nested validation selected a zero visual correction in 21 of 25 outer folds, and the fixed scale originally proposed for visual correction (0.05) produced a slightly higher mean absolute error than the questionnaire-only condition (1.2120 vs. 1.2100). An exploratory analysis using teacher-provided observer ratings likewise showed no advantage for visual fusion over questionnaire-only prediction. These findings indicate that Dual-Process Theory can motivate a testable asymmetric framework for integrating explicit and non-verbal information, but the present data do not support static final line drawings as a reliable source of incremental personality information. Future research should examine richer process-level drawing signals, including stroke timing, pauses, pressure, and trajectory dynamics, in larger independent samples.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Design Art, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China.",
    "School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lifen Weng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yiyang Shi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/80jcgg5vbgrc3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1873771",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687008",
  "id": "80jcgg5vbgrc3",
  "issns": [
    "1664-1078"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923161",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3202|Psychological Testing and Assessment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212947785",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687008?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687008",
  "pmid": "42923161",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/80jcgg5vbgrc3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923161",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923161"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Testing a dual-process-inspired questionnaire-primary residual framework for personality prediction: an exploratory study with static line drawings.",
  "title_text": "Testing a dual-process-inspired questionnaire-primary residual framework for personality prediction: an exploratory study with static line drawings.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/80jcgg5vbgrc3",
  "venue": "Frontiers in psychology",
  "versions": []
}