{
  "abstract": "Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may produce autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (AAN-I-IFN), which underlie severe viral diseases, including critical COVID-19 pneumonia, in patients without MG. We studied an international cohort of 85 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected MG patients not given antiviral treatment. Hypoxemic pneumonia occurred in 48 of these patients, including 22 (45.8%) with AAN-I-IFN, which neutralized both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω in 14 (29.2%) patients. Six (16.2%) of the remaining 37 patients had AAN-I-IFN, neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω in three patients. The risk of hypoxemic pneumonia was greater in MG patients with AAN-I-IFN neutralizing 10 ng/mL of both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR [95% CI]): 12.7 [2.1 to 78.9], P = 0.0010) or IFN-α2 at any dose (OR [95% CI]: 4.7 [1.5 to 15.0], P = 0.0054) than in those without such autoantibodies. The risk of producing AAN-I-IFN was much higher in MG patients than in the general population (OR [95% CI]: 28.9 [10.8 to 77.7], P = 4.9 × 10 −27 ). Thymoma was found in 14 patients and increased the risk of AAN-I-IFN (64% versus 27%, (OR [95% CI]: 5.6 [1.6 to 19.4], P = 0.0050) and hypoxemic pneumonia (9.2 [1.9 to 44.2]; P = 0.0019). Thymoma is, thus, associated with a higher risk of producing AAN-I-IFN, which are, in turn, associated with a higher risk of developing life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with MG.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 70,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Adrian Gervais"
    },
    {
      "name": "Astrid Marchal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexis Maillard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tom Le Voyer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jérémie Rosain"
    },
    {
      "name": "Quentin Philippot"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lucy Bizien"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jessica Peel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Axel Cederholm"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mélanie Migaud"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sylvie Pons"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kahina Saker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pascal Laforet"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mélodie Aubart"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cyril Gitiaux"
    },
    {
      "name": "Catherine Biggs"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rafael Leon Lopez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sarah Souvannanorath"
    },
    {
      "name": "Céline Tard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aleksandra Nadaj Pakleza"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aude-Marie Grapperon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas Heming"
    },
    {
      "name": "Djillali Annane"
    },
    {
      "name": "Annie Verschueren"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shahram Attarian"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kévin Bigaut"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karolina Hankiewicz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ludivine Kouton"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rocio-Nur Villar-Quiles"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cécile Cauquil"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marie-Céline Fleury"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emilie Rocher"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guillaume Nicolas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eduardo de Paula Estephan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maria da Penha Ananias Morita"
    },
    {
      "name": "Edmar Zanoteli"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zakaria Saied"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amine Rachdi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amouri Rim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Samir Belal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Samia Ben Sassi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Annemarie Hübers"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emmanuel Faure"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isabelle Desguerre"
    },
    {
      "name": "Clémence Basse"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicolas Girard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vivien Béziat"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qiang Pan-Hammarström"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lennart Hammarström"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aaron Bodansky"
    },
    {
      "name": "Audrey Parent"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mark Anderson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joseph Derisi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sophie Demeret"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frédérique Truffault"
    },
    {
      "name": "Romain Fort"
    },
    {
      "name": "Florence Ader"
    },
    {
      "name": "Florent Wallet"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sophie Trouillet-Assant"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laurent Abel"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/81gtv01akyz47.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2518581123",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "81gtv01akyz47",
  "issns": [
    "0027-8424",
    "1091-6490"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05750675v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sdv.spee"
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    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7171939694",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2518581123",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42536442",
  "published": "2026-07-31",
  "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/81gtv01akyz47.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:34Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05750675",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05750675v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:0.sdv",
      "subfield": "general"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.spee",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies",
  "title_text": "High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/81gtv01akyz47",
  "venue": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
  "versions": []
}