{
  "abstract": "Purpose\n\nTo characterize clinicopathologic, treatment-related, and sociodemographic factors associated with rapid versus late relapse in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and to evaluate how relapse timing influences metastatic patterns and survival outcomes.Methods\n\nUsing linked Swedish population-based registers, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed with non-metastatic TNBC between 2007 and 2021. Patients were classified into three groups based on time to distant relapse or death: rapid relapse (rrTNBC; ≤24 months), late relapse (lrTNBC; >24 months), or event-free at last follow-up. Tumor characteristics, comorbidity, treatments, and sociodemographic variables were compared across groups. Multivariable logistic regression and survival outcomes were assessed. Sensitivity analyses restricted to healthcare regions with complete relapse data were performed.Results\n\nAmong 8,298 patients, 15% experienced rrTNBC, 18% lrTNBC, and 67% remained event-free. rrTNBC was associated with older age, larger tumors, nodal involvement, advanced stage, and a higher frequency of visceral and multi-organ metastases. Patients with rrTNBC were less likely to receive adjuvant systemic therapy or radiotherapy and more likely to undergo mastectomy. Sociodemographic disparities were observed, with rrTNBC more frequent among patients who were single or widowed, lower educated, or had lower household income. Survival outcomes were substantially worse for rrTNBC compared with lrTNBC and event-free patients.Conclusions\n\nRapid relapse defines a particularly vulnerable TNBC population characterized by aggressive tumor biology, early dissemination, inferior survival, and sociodemographic disadvantage, while lrTNBC represents an intermediate phenotype with delayed disease progression. Distinguishing rrTNBC from lrTNBC may improve risk stratification, guide treatment decisions, and support more personalized follow-up strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.",
    "Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.",
    "Department of Surgery, Skaraborg Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Skövde, Sweden. jenny.nyqvist@gu.se.",
    "Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. jenny.nyqvist@gu.se.",
    "Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.",
    "Department of Oncology, Borås Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Borås, Sweden.",
    "Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.",
    "Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sithumini Sarathchandra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jenny Nyqvist-Streng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9934-8407"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Elin Sahlberg"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Zakaria Einbeigi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Khalil Helou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Anikó Kovács"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Slavica Janeva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Per Karlsson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Toshima Z Parris"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/81mbgah70he66.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s10549-026-08115-z",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13719746",
  "id": "81mbgah70he66",
  "issns": [
    "0167-6806",
    "1573-7217"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42955423",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224405832",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13719746?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13719746",
  "pmid": "42955423",
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/81mbgah70he66.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42955423",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42955423"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:39Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13719746",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-026-08115-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic features associated with rapid relapse in triple-negative breast cancer: a Swedish nationwide registry-based study.",
  "title_text": "Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic features associated with rapid relapse in triple-negative breast cancer: a Swedish nationwide registry-based study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:20:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/81mbgah70he66",
  "venue": "Breast cancer research and treatment",
  "versions": []
}