{
  "abstract": "Background: Carbapenem-resistant organisms are increasingly reported in clinical settings, yet the simultaneous detection of multiple carbapenemase genes within a single specimen remains rare.\n\nMethods: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sample from a patient with severe pneumonia.\n\nResults: Four carbapenemase genes—blaAFM-1, blaNDM-1, blaIMP-1, and blaKPC-2—were simultaneously detected in a single specimen. Three carbapenem-resistant isolates were recovered: an ST11 K. pneumoniae carrying blaKPC-2 and virulence-associated genes, an S. algae strain with an assembly-based tandem chromosomal blaNDM-1 arrangement, and a P. stutzeri strain co-harboring blaAFM-1 and blaIMP-1. Genomic analysis revealed complex mobile genetic contexts associated with these resistance determinants.\n\nConclusion: The coexistence of four carbapenemase genes within one clinical sample highlights the complexity of polymicrobial carbapenem resistance and underscores the importance of genomic surveillance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , ,",
    "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "brief report",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhirong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Senhong Ying"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sanrong Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rong Xiang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8265n1md9y7zw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fcimb.2026.1973471",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719318/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8265n1md9y7zw",
  "issns": [
    "2235-2988"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719318",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Brief Research Report"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1313|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222495665",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719318/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13719318",
  "pmid": "42964029",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8265n1md9y7zw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13719318",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719318"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:17Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13719318",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1973471"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1313|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Co-occurrence and genetic contexts of NDM-1, KPC-2, IMP-1, and AFM-1 carbapenemase genes in a critically ill patient",
  "title_text": "Co-occurrence and genetic contexts of NDM-1, KPC-2, IMP-1, and AFM-1 carbapenemase genes in a critically ill patient",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:20:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8265n1md9y7zw",
  "venue": "Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology",
  "versions": []
}