{
  "abstract": "Digital payment adoption across emerging economies has surged, yet contemporary architectures remain fundamentally brittle due to their strict reliance on continuous, low-latency telecommunications and synchronous centralized clearing switches. In countries such as Nigeria, recurring electrical grid collapses and cellular backhaul disruptions cause transaction failure rates between 10% and 15% during peak retail hours, imposing over ₦100 billion in annual deadweight losses across distributed agency banking networks. Existing offline proposals suffer from a fundamental trilemma: they either permit catastrophic offline double-spending, introduce delayed-settlement insolvency risks (unbacked overdrafts), or demand specialized, expensive smartcard hardware.\n\nThis paper presents ResiliPay, an asynchronous, offline-first cryptographic payment protocol designed to sustain retail commerce during total wide-area network and telecommunication partitions. ResiliPay combines client-side asymmetric cryptography (ECDSA P-256) with hardware-enforced monotonic counters and a Pre-Allocated Offline Escrow (POE) framework hosted inside mobile Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to mathematically eliminate both offline double-spending and delayed-settlement insolvency without requiring distributed consensus. To bridge physical transport gaps under infrastructure failures, ResiliPay introduces an adaptive dual-channel serialization scheme: high-density optical Quick Response (QR) codes compacted by 72.4% (125 bytes, QR Version 6/8) for zero-connectivity proximity transactions, and an ultra-compact bit-packed binary encoding (86 bytes) that fits within a single GSM 7-bit SMS segment (<160 characters) for wide-area cellular fallback.\n\nFurthermore, ResiliPay implements an order-independent reconciliation state machine utilizing sliding replay-window nonce sets, guaranteeing that out-of-order merchant batch uploads after regional grid restoration achieve 100% settlement precision without false replay rejections. Under a simulated post-blackout reconnection burst of 1,000 out-of-order merchant transactions with 50 injected adversarial replay attacks, ResiliPay achieves 100% settlement precision and 100% adversarial rejection in 176 ms (>5,600 settled tx/sec). We outline a pragmatic three-tier hardware security model spanning dedicated Secure Elements, ARM TrustZone with Replay Protected Memory Blocks (RPMB), and bank-underwritten micro-floats, providing an actionable blueprint for sovereign financial resilience in infrastructure-challenged economies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Brayan Osinaka",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-1914-1601"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82anskrm41143.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23451944",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "82anskrm41143",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23451944",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/23451944/files/ResiliPay__A_Fault_Tolerant__Dual_Channel_Cryptographic_Payment_Protocol_for_Intermittently_Connected_Economies.pdf/content",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-18",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82anskrm41143.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:21:09Z",
      "native_id": "23451944",
      "source": "zenodo",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23451944"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "ResiliPay: A Fault-Tolerant, Dual-Channel Cryptographic Payment Protocol for Intermittently Connected Economies",
  "title_text": "ResiliPay: A Fault-Tolerant, Dual-Channel Cryptographic Payment Protocol for Intermittently Connected Economies",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82anskrm41143",
  "venue": "Zenodo",
  "versions": []
}