{
  "abstract": "Obtaining accurate estimates of the gas column density $\\mathrm{N(H_2)}$ is crucial to determine the physical conditions of the molecular gas in the Interstellar Medium. This paper introduces the \"Multi-Tracer Column Density Synthesis\" (MT-CDS) technique, a new empirical approach to derive high dynamic-range column density maps with interferometers such as ALMA. We have compared the integrated intensity maps of two density selective tracers, namely HNC (1-0) and $\\mathrm{N_2H^+}$ (1-0), obtained with IRAM-30m with ancillary Herschel column density estimates in seven star-forming regions in Orion and derived individual temperature-corrected conversion factors for each of these tracers. We applied these conversion factors obtained at low-resolution into similar high sensitivity ALMA observations to derive independent column density maps describing both the low $N_\\mathrm{HNC}\\mathrm{(H_2)}$ and high $N_\\mathrm{N_2H^+}\\mathrm{(H_2)}$ column density components at high spatial resolution (4.5\"). We also combined these independent maps into estimates for the total gas column density gas $N_\\mathrm{tot}\\mathrm{(H_2)}$ sampling more than two orders of magnitude in column density between $\\sim 10^{21.5}-10^{23.5}$ cm$^{-2}$. A comparison with independent ArTeMiS column density maps at intermediate resolution (8\") shows typical deviations of $\\lesssim$0.2 dex from our MT-CDS gas column density estimates. We obtained individual column density maps in five of our targets at $\\sim$2000 au resolution in which ALMA observations were available, that is a factor of $\\sim$5 better than originally calibrated. These results demonstrate the potential of this MT-CDS technique to retrieve accurate, high dynamic range $N\\mathrm{(H_2)}$ total gas column density estimates at interferometric resolution combining multiple molecular line tracers.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.19163",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Alvaro Hacar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrea Socci"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mario Tafalla"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesca Bonanomi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82e425xg6ny2t.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.19163",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "82e425xg6ny2t",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19163",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.IM"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222130768",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.19163",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82e425xg6ny2t.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:31Z",
      "native_id": "2610.19163",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19163"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    },
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.IM",
      "subfield": "instrumentation-methods"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Emergence of high-mass stars in complex fiber networks (EMERGE) VII. Multi-Tracer Column Density Synthesis",
  "title_text": "Emergence of high-mass stars in complex fiber networks (EMERGE) VII. Multi-Tracer Column Density Synthesis",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82e425xg6ny2t",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}