{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nOstracism on social media is a common and emotionally salient stressor. However, its moment-to-moment psychological and behavioral consequences, remain poorly understood in individuals with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).Methods\n\nUsing an Instagram-mimicking smartphone platform (Socializapp) coupled with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), we examined responses to experimentally manipulated peer feedback across 7 days in three groups: healthy Controls (HC; n = 20), NSSI without BPD (NSSI; n = 18), and comorbid BPD+NSSI (n = 17). Participants were exposed to Inclusion, Partial Exclusion, and Exclusion conditions. Linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models tested within-person effects on perceived exclusion and approval, affective reactivity, objective engagement (Likes and Comments) and NSSI urges, with borderline traits (BPQ) modeled dimensionally.Results\n\nCompliance was high, supporting feasibility. The manipulation was perceived as intended, with perceived exclusion increasing and perceived approval decreasing stepwise from Inclusion to Partial and Full Exclusion across participants. Exclusion also increased negative affect, reduced positive affect, and suppressed effortful interaction (fewer comments). In exploratory analyses, Exclusion was associated with more than a threefold increase in the odds of reporting an NSSI urge, after adjusting for borderline severity. While the data more clearly supported a baseline negative appraisal bias associated with borderline severity (even under objectively favorable feedback) evidence for cross-level moderation effects remained inconclusive.Conclusions\n\nSocial media ostracism emerges as a relevant interpersonal stressor for individuals with NSSI, producing detectable shifts in online engagement and, in exploratory analysis, increases in self-harm urges and changes. Borderline severity tracked a sustained negative interpretation of social feedback, although potential moderation effects regarding exclusion reactivity remained inconclusive. These findings establish Socializapp as a feasible paradigm and highlight everyday digital social experiences as meaningful targets for understanding short-term fluctuations in NSSI vulnerability.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari d'Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia) & Fundació Sanitària d'Igualada, Igualada (Barcelona), Spain.",
    "Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.",
    "Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.",
    "Mental Health Department, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari d'Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia) & Fundació Sanitària d'Igualada, Igualada (Barcelona), Spain. daniel.vegamo@gmail.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carlos Schmidt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Stella Nicolaou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Daniela Otero"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Josep Marco-Pallarés"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Diana Castilla"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Irene Zaragoza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Joaquim Soler"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Juan Carlos Pascual"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Vega"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82pa3wvr7xpwz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s40479-026-00364-0",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13685250",
  "id": "82pa3wvr7xpwz",
  "issns": [
    "2051-6673"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902346",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC435-571"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3207|Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170410255",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13685250?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13685250",
  "pmid": "42902346",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82pa3wvr7xpwz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42902346",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902346"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:32Z",
      "native_id": "1fbad78150994e57b216fbb26a751553",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-026-00364-0"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:RC435-571",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Non-suicidal self-injury and digital ostracism: a novel smartphone-based paradigm capturing real-time responses to social media exclusion.",
  "title_text": "Non-suicidal self-injury and digital ostracism: a novel smartphone-based paradigm capturing real-time responses to social media exclusion.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/82pa3wvr7xpwz",
  "venue": "Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation",
  "versions": []
}