{
  "abstract": "In Metamorphosis of Plants (1790), Goethe traced diverse plant organs to transformations of a common leaf-like structure -- a principle modern mechanics attributes to two material ingredients: non-uniform in-plane strain from differential growth or shrinkage, and spatially patterned stiffness. Here we translate this principle into a synthetic fabrication framework called Polymer Membrane Tensegrity (PMT). A flat elastomeric film swollen with a second monomer is selectively UV-cured through a liquid-crystal display (LCD) photomask in a single-side digital photopatterning step, producing rigid rods embedded in a soft, shrinkable membrane. After the unreacted monomer is extracted with a solvent and the film is dried, the membrane shrinks far more than the rods, generating a ~50% in-plane strain differential and a ~2,000-fold modulus contrast -- conditions under which the contracting membrane is held in tension by mutually unconnected rods, a tensegrity-inspired arrangement within a single film. An origami-based inverse design algorithm computes the rod layout that morphs the film into a prescribed 3D surface. We demonstrate PMT on a dome, a hyperbolic surface, and a gyroid unit cell -- positively and negatively curved targets -- reproducing all three with mean deviations of 1.0-2.1% of the target size; perimeter curve optimization halves the mean deviation of the gyroid. Because patterning occurs on one side only, PMT eliminates the front-to-back alignment demanded by bilayer methods, offering a scalable route from flat polymer films to freeform 3D surfaces.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2608.30501",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Shuto Ito"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuta Shimoda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haruka Fukunishi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mikihiro Hayashi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/834ge4ns3cyat.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.30501",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "834ge4ns3cyat",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30501",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.soft"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.app-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2210|Advanced Materials and Mechanics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204939788",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.30501",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-31",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/834ge4ns3cyat.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
      "native_id": "2608.30501",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30501"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.app-ph",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.soft",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Polymer Membrane Tensegrity: Inverse Design of Polymer Films Morphing into Freeform 3D Surfaces with Digital Photopatterning Technique",
  "title_text": "Polymer Membrane Tensegrity: Inverse Design of Polymer Films Morphing into Freeform 3D Surfaces with Digital Photopatterning Technique",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/834ge4ns3cyat",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}