{
  "abstract": "Pharmacogenomics (PGx), utilizing a patient's DNA to individualize medication prescribing, minimizes adverse events and improves patient outcomes. However, the integration of PGx into primary care remains sparse. PGx testing encompasses multiple components and can be considered a complex health intervention. We conducted an in‐person workshop with early adopters from the Pharmacogenomics Global Research Network Implementation Working Group, followed by qualitative interviews with key opinion leaders, to identify the core functions and forms necessary for implementing PGx testing in primary care. Workshop participants agreed on six core functions necessary to implement PGx‐guided medication prescribing in primary care settings: patient identification, test ordering, laboratory testing, returning results, providing medication recommendations, and modifying pharmacotherapy. An additional function, leadership engagement, was proposed by key opinion leaders. There was considerable variation in the forms, depending on local context and available resources. In this position paper, we discuss why it is critical to separately define the core functions required to implement PGx testing in primary care settings and the customizable forms used for local execution. Defining core functions provides an actionable first step to guide scalable and context‐sensitive integration of PGx testing into routine primary care practice, balancing the need for both fidelity and adaptation in real‐world implementation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Neaman Center for Personalized Medicine Endeavor Health Chicago Illinois USA",
    "Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA",
    "Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA",
    "St. Elizabeth Healthcare Edgewood Kentucky USA",
    "Department of Pharmacy Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA",
    "Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA",
    "L.S. Skaggs Institute for Health Innovation and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA",
    "Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA",
    "Department of Pharmaceutical Services and Sciences and Personalized Medication Management Unit Children's Cancer Hospital Cairo Egypt",
    "North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USA",
    "Sanford Imagenetics Sioux Falls South Dakota USA",
    "MedStar Health Columbia Maryland USA",
    "Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA",
    "Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA",
    "Department Clinical Chemistry Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands",
    "Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "other",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sanjana Ramesh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Larisa H. Cavallari",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7184-5292"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Victoria Wittner",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-4886-2171"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Josiah Allen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2708-2566"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mari Angelica S. Cayabyab",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5345-6154"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Emily J. Cicali",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3595-9321"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Nihal El Rouby",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1652-3773"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Shayna R. Killam",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-7288-5196"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Nita Limdi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Nagy",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9807-788X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Natasha Petry",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5089-9286"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "April Schultz",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1249-3685"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "D. Max Smith",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3667-2936"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Ron H. N. van Schaik",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1864-2151"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Ramzi G. Salloum"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sony Tuteja",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7007-3289"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/83g1427zq0es5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/cts.70753",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13723704/",
  "id": "83g1427zq0es5",
  "issns": [
    "1752-8054",
    "1752-8062"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70753",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Position Paper"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "3004|Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism"
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  "openalex": "W7225048397",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cts.70753",
  "pmcid": "PMC13723704",
  "pmid": "42966874",
  "published": "2026-10-31",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/83g1427zq0es5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:17Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13723704",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70753"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3004|Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Defining Core Functions and Forms for the Implementation of Pharmacogenomics Testing in Primary Care",
  "title_text": "Defining Core Functions and Forms for the Implementation of Pharmacogenomics Testing in Primary Care",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/83g1427zq0es5",
  "venue": "Clinical and Translational Science",
  "versions": []
}