{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nComputerised cognitive training (CCT) may improve cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but whether gains transfer beyond trained processes and persist after training cessation remains uncertain. We examined immediate and sustained cognitive near transfer, cognitive far transfer, and functional far transfer.Methods\n\nSeven databases were searched from inception to 1 July 2026. Randomised controlled trials comparing CCT with eligible controls and reporting transfer outcomes were included. Outcomes within 4 weeks after training were classified as immediate and those at least 12 weeks after cessation as sustained. Multiple eligible outcomes from the same trial were aggregated to one trial-level estimate. Random-effects models used restricted maximum likelihood and modified Knapp-Hartung inference. RoB 2 and GRADE assessed risk of bias and certainty.Results\n\nEleven reports from eight independent trials (722 randomised participants) were included; no trial was at overall low risk of bias. Immediate cognitive near transfer was small and imprecise (6 trials, N = 376; Hedges g = 0.14, 95% CI - 0.23 to 0.50; very low certainty). Immediate cognitive far transfer was also uncertain (8 trials, N = 586; g = 0.23, 95% CI - 0.35 to 0.81; very low certainty) and strongly influenced by Wu et al.; excluding this trial yielded g = 0.00 (95% CI - 0.26 to 0.25). Sustained cognitive near transfer (4 trials, N = 287; g = -0.07, 95% CI - 0.31 to 0.18) and sustained cognitive far transfer (5 trials, N = 397; g = 0.02, 95% CI - 0.26 to 0.29) were close to the null but based on few trials. Functional far-transfer evidence was low-certainty and limited.Conclusion\n\nThe evidence base is small and methodologically limited, and transfer classification requires reviewer judgement. Current evidence does not establish convincing durable transfer effects beyond trained processes. Larger, rigorous trials with validated functional outcomes and longer follow-up are needed.Systematic review registration\n\nhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261463612.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physical Education, Chongqing Electric Power College , ,",
    "College of Education, Soonchunhyang University , ,",
    "School of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "systematic review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hao Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lin Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lingyun Long"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wenjia Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jiayi Yao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yong Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/848ewkd0718dy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2026.1952783",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13716727/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "848ewkd0718dy",
  "issns": [
    "1663-4365"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13716727",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Systematic Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222188800",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13716727/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13716727",
  "pmid": "42959097",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/848ewkd0718dy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13716727",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13716727"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959097",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959097"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:56Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13716727",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2026.1952783"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cognitive transfer and durability of computerised cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials",
  "title_text": "Cognitive transfer and durability of computerised cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/848ewkd0718dy",
  "venue": "Frontiers in aging neuroscience",
  "versions": []
}