{
  "abstract": "Radiotherapy can simultaneously promote tumor immunogenicity and damage the systemic immune compartments required to sustain antitumor responses. In breast cancer, radiation-induced lymphopenia is influenced by treatment geometry, irradiated volume, low-dose exposure, marrow and lymphoid irradiation, fractionation, and delivery characteristics, while nanoparticle radioenhancement can amplify tumor response through physical, redox, DNA-repair, and immune mechanisms. This hypothesis-driven translational review examines whether nanoparticle-generated biological amplification could be redirected from tumor intensification toward immune-dose shaping while preserving tumor control and immunogenicity. The evidence supports seven interacting dimensions of potential exchange: physical dose, volume/spatial exposure, distributed low-dose exposure, marrow dose, geometry/modality, fractionation, and temporal/delivery exposure. Formal nanoparticle-enabled dose exchange remains limited, with the clearest breast-specific evidence confined to in vitro isoeffect analysis; no study has yet demonstrated preserved tumor isoeffect and immunogenicity together with reduced multicompartment immune injury after nanoparticle-enabled exposure reduction. We, therefore, propose a dual-endpoint framework integrating tumor control, immunogenicity, multicompartment immune preservation, dosimetry, and nanoparticle biodistribution, together with a staged translational pathway from quantitative preclinical exchange studies to comparative clinical testing. This strategy remains hypothesis-generating, with triple-negative breast cancer representing a particularly informative initial setting.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania",
    "2nd Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sorinel Lunca",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9749-0610"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Morarasu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7767-0975"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gabriel Mihail Dimofte"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/84ceqvbfndv3b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27198928",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666163/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "84ceqvbfndv3b",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666163",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221140170",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666163/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13666163",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/84ceqvbfndv3b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13666163",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666163"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27198928",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8928"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Nanoparticle-Enabled Immune-Dose Shaping in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy: Reconciling Tumor Immunogenicity with Systemic Immune Preservation",
  "title_text": "Nanoparticle-Enabled Immune-Dose Shaping in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy: Reconciling Tumor Immunogenicity with Systemic Immune Preservation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/84ceqvbfndv3b",
  "venue": "International journal of molecular sciences",
  "versions": []
}