{
  "abstract": "Objective: To examine the association between frailty (Frailty Index, FI) and incident hearing loss using triangulation across GBD 2021, CHARLS, and Mendelian Randomization (MR).\n\nMethods: Global trends were analyzed with GBD 2021. In CHARLS (2011–2020), FI was calculated for adults ≥ 45-years. Associations with incident hearing loss were assessed using logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and ROC curves. Two-sample MR employed inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods.\n\nResults: GBD revealed increasing hearing loss burden globally, especially among older adults in low- and middle-income countries. In CHARLS, higher FI independently predicted incident hearing loss: moderate frailty increased odds by 66% (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.29–2.12) and severe frailty by 141% (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.47–3.95). Each unit FI increase conferred a 9% higher risk (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14). RCS identified a nonlinear threshold (FI ≈ 0.29). Adding FI to conventional risk factors improved prediction (AUC: 0.586 to 0.685). MR supported a causal effect of genetically predicted frailty on hearing loss with no evidence of pleiotropy.\n\nConclusion: The Frailty Index is a robust, independent, and nonlinear predictor of incident hearing loss. Integrating frailty assessment enhances early identification and supports targeted prevention.\n\nLevel of evidence: II.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Ankang Gaoxin Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ankang, Shanxi Province, China. Electronic address: renliang1106@qq.com.",
    "The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Hearing and Balance Medical Engineering Technology Center of Guangdong, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Foshan, China. Electronic address: 18038865691@163.com.",
    "The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Hearing and Balance Medical Engineering Technology Center of Guangdong, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Foshan, China. Electronic address: jameswang258@hotmail.com.",
    "Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. Electronic address: 18980110479@163.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liang Ren"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiangling Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Maohua Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xu Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-3257-1012"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/857mg2kaenp2w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.bjorl.2026.101919",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696800/",
  "id": "857mg2kaenp2w",
  "issns": [
    "1808-8694",
    "1808-8686"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2026.101919",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2717|Frailty in Older Adults"
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  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13696800?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13696800",
  "pmid": "42887367",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/857mg2kaenp2w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:05Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2026.101919"
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    {
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2717|Frailty in Older Adults",
      "subfield": "general"
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  ],
  "title": "Frailty index predicts hearing loss in middle-aged and older adults: A triangulated analysis of global, cohort, and genetic data",
  "title_text": "Frailty index predicts hearing loss in middle-aged and older adults: A triangulated analysis of global, cohort, and genetic data",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/857mg2kaenp2w",
  "venue": "Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology",
  "versions": []
}