{
  "abstract": "Aspergillus oryzae was engineered to produce high levels of geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGPP) and ent-kaurene, via ent-copalyl diphosphate, as precursors for future metabolic engineering projects via the expression of ggs2 and cps/ks genes from Gibberella fujikuroi under the control of strong constitutive promoters. GGPP was shunted to three new metabolites that were fully identified by NMR and HRMS. ent-Copalyl diphosphate was shunted to a further seven new compounds that were also identified by NMR and HRMS. The titre of ent-kaurene was significantly increased by heterologous expression of a truncated hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase gene from Avena strigosa (AstHMGR), while replacement of the dual terpene cyclase encoding gene cps/ks with the individual cyclase genes, ptmT2 from Streptomyces platensis and Bjks from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, resulted mainly in accumulation of ent-copalyl diphosphate-derived shunt products. Finally, ent-kauran-16-ol was biosynthesised by coexpression of ggs2 with the bacterial cyclases ptmT2 and ptmT3.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz University Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany",
    "Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover Herrenhäuser Straße 2 30419 Hannover Germany",
    "Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Arafa",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5869-4568"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuechen Jiang",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-7480-1041"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer Gerke",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7301-2676"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jakob Franke",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7603-6232"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Russell J. Cox",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1844-0157"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85h0r0wmjspvx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra05338f",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13508058/",
  "id": "85h0r0wmjspvx",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05338f",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-3.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 3.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204270668",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13508058",
  "pmid": "42656818",
  "published": "2026-08-26",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85h0r0wmjspvx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:28Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13508058",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05338f"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "ent-Kaurene, ent-kauran-16-ol, and shunted diterpenoids from an engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae",
  "title_text": "ent-Kaurene, ent-kauran-16-ol, and shunted diterpenoids from an engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:20:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85h0r0wmjspvx",
  "venue": "RSC Advances",
  "versions": []
}