{
  "abstract": "Surface states are hallmarks of topological phases, and their efficient computation is crucial for topology characterization. Conventional supercell methods (SCM) approximate semi-infinite systems as finite periodic ones, but suffer from high computational cost, artificial inter-surface coupling, and slow convergence near band edges. Recently, boundary problems for semi-infinite systems have been recast as block-tridiagonal equations and solved by the cyclic reduction method (CRM) and the transfer matrix method (TMM). However, these approaches remain resource-intensive, as fine-mesh discretization produces very large matrices. Recognizing the intrinsic sparsity and low rank of these matrices, we develop a low-rank iterative method (LIM) with stochastic trace estimation that substantially reduces complexity and memory without sacrificing accuracy, while remaining straightforwardly parallelizable. Benchmarks on 2D and 3D topological systems show orders-of-magnitude acceleration over CRM and TMM. LIM extends readily to heterostructures, defective interfaces, and non-Hermitian systems, providing an efficient platform for topological and plasmonic surface phenomena.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2611.09165",
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Kaiqi Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Changsheng He"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zihan Xie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shulin Sun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lei Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shaojie Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85ks5pdhjkezp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2611.09165",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "85ks5pdhjkezp",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09165",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.comp-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2611.09165",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85ks5pdhjkezp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T06:21:04Z",
      "native_id": "2611.09165",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09165"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.comp-ph",
      "subfield": "computational"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Low-Rank Iteration for Efficient Calculations of Topological Surface States",
  "title_text": "Low-Rank Iteration for Efficient Calculations of Topological Surface States",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T06:21:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85ks5pdhjkezp",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}