{
  "abstract": "Background Emerging evidence links movement behaviors to vitamin D status. This study investigated associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep with vitamin D status and explored sex differences in these relationships.Methods This cross-sectional study included 3195 adults (49.1 ± 17.1 years, 45.5% males) from the 2021–2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with complete data. Self-reported PA, SB, and sleep duration were assessed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear and logistic regression models were performed.Results SB was negatively associated with vitamin D levels in the whole sample (β = −0.006; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.012, −0.001) and males (β = −0.008; 95% CI: −0.014, −0.002), but not females. Sleep duration was positively associated with vitamin D among males only (β = 0.023; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.043). Meeting both PA and SB guidelines showed the strongest and most consistent association with vitamin D sufficiency, observed across the whole sample (odds ratio [OR] = 2.129; 95% CI: 1.504, 3.012), males (OR = 2.013; 95% CI: 1.021, 3.967), and females (OR = 2.214; 95% CI: 1.360, 3.605).Conclusions Movement behaviors demonstrate independent and joint associations with vitamin D status in US adults, with modest sex-specific patterns that warrant replication. Combined adherence to PA and SB guidelines was consistently associated with greater odds of vitamin D sufficiency across sexes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "The Physical Education Department, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China",
    "Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China",
    "Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
    "Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China",
    "School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China",
    "Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sha Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jie Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Junqiao Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Chang Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Tong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Xiaojie Yang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85qb178ky2042.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1080/15502783.2026.2756025",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15502783.2026.2756025",
  "id": "85qb178ky2042",
  "issns": [
    "1550-2783"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2026.2756025",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC1200-1245"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TX341-641"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-09",
  "publisher": "Taylor & Francis Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85qb178ky2042.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T14:21:35Z",
      "native_id": "228557bc9a5848409ff4873621152832",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2026.2756025"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:TX341-641",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Independent and joint associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep with vitamin D status in US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study",
  "title_text": "Independent and joint associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep with vitamin D status in US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T14:21:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/85qb178ky2042",
  "venue": "Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition",
  "versions": []
}