{
  "abstract": "CRISPR/Cas12a-based diagnostics achieved attomolar sensitivity for nucleic acid detection, yet their extension to small-molecule targets remains constrained by the need for solution-phase aptasensor-CRISPR coupling and laboratory infrastructure incompatible with resource-limited settings. Here we report a Paper-integrated Aptamer-Cas12a Sensing platform (PACSense) in which the complete aptasensor-CRISPR/Cas12a signal transduction cascade is air-dried within a paper substrate, enabling a one-pot, amplification-free small-molecule detection workflow that is initiated by sample addition alone. Two orthogonal sensing modalities are demonstrated: first, a signal-OFF bivalent aptamer channel for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), achieving solution- and paper-phase limits of detection of 336 nM and 446 nM respectively, and second, a signal-ON complementary strand-displacement channel for cocaine, which to our knowledge represents the first coupling of the NC195 aptamer to CRISPR/Cas12a sensing, with solution- and paper-phase LODs of 0.605 µM and 16.15 µM respectively. Both channels are operated simultaneously on a single multiplexed paper chip with a cross-channel geometry that routes sample passively to four spatially distinct reaction zones, enabling independent and simultaneous detection confirmed by fluorescence imaging under a 495 nm blue LED. Air-dried chips retain 76% of initial fluorescence signal after 30 days of ambient storage without cold chain, with a 93% signal retention measured from the functional equilibration baseline. The complete assay workflow is completed within 20 minutes using a reusable sodium acetate hand warmer for incubation and a 3D-printed smartphone-compatible reader, designed to align with ASSURED criteria for point-of-care diagnostics. PACSense establishes paper-integrated aptasensor-CRISPR sensing as a viable route to multiplexed, laboratory-instrument-free small-molecule diagnostics at the point of need.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand Anindita.sen@vuw.ac.nz Justin.Hodgkiss@vuw.ac.nz.",
    "Independent Researcher New Zealand.",
    "Forensic Research and Development, New Zealand Institute for Public Health and Forensic Science Porirua Wellington 5022 New Zealand.",
    "Forensic Research and Development, New Zealand Institute for Public Health and Forensic Science Auckland 1025 New Zealand Rachel.Fleming@phfscience.nz."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anindita Sen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8995-6698"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Douglas James Bock"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tegan Foster"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rachel Fleming",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9321-1020"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Justin M Hodgkiss",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9629-8213"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/863wfhedx0x2v.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra08018a",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13679190",
  "id": "863wfhedx0x2v",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899138",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Biosensors and Analytical Detection"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222951592",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13679190?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13679190",
  "pmid": "42899138",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/863wfhedx0x2v.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:32Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42899138",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899138"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:34Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13679190",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08018a"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Chemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Paper integrated aptamer-CRISPR sensing enables multiplexed small-molecule sensing in a low-cost device.",
  "title_text": "Paper integrated aptamer-CRISPR sensing enables multiplexed small-molecule sensing in a low-cost device.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/863wfhedx0x2v",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}