{
  "abstract": "Lanthanide-based carriers have emerged as powerful platforms for next-generation biomedical imaging, combining unique optical and magnetic features to address key limitations of conventional agents. Owing to their 4f electron configuration, lanthanide ions provide sharp emission lines, long lifetimes, high photostability, and strong paramagnetism, enabling high-resolution, multiplexed, and deep-tissue imaging with minimal photodamage. This review surveys recent advances across optical, X-ray, and magnetic resonance modalities, focusing on how material design influences performance. We examine representative carriers, such as lanthanidedoped nanoparticles, organic complexes, and lanthanide-binding proteins, and their roles in near-infrared (NIR) imaging (long-term single-particle tracking, molecular sensing, and NIR-II modalities), X-ray imaging (contrast media, scintillators, and persistent emitters for low-dose diagnostics), and magnetic resonance imaging (chemical and biosynthetic agents with enhanced relaxivity, specificity, and safety, including targeted protein constructs). We highlight molecular engineering and surface modification strategies that boost signal and biocompatibility, and discuss emerging directions such as artificial intelligence-enabled data analysis and the integration of multimodal probes to deliver integrated anatomical and functional information. While most advances are still at the proof-of-concept stage, lanthanide carriers show great potential for bridging materials science, biophysics, and clinical needs, and are reshaping biomedical imaging toward more precise, responsive, and personalized diagnostics.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yuxia Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zixuan Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mingyu Sui"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hongxuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marco Bettinelli"
    },
    {
      "name": "Luís D Carlos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel Jaque"
    },
    {
      "name": "Oscar L Malta"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jorge Méndez-Ramos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cyrille Richard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bruno Viana"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ka-Leung Wong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaogang Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/86jby73e73vsg.bib",
  "cited_by": 3,
  "doi": "10.3389/fsci.2026.1856377",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "86jby73e73vsg",
  "issns": [
    "2028-7615"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05805470v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171802619",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05805470/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-30",
  "publisher": "Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology of Morocco",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/86jby73e73vsg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:59Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05805470",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05805470v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lanthanide carriers: biomedical imaging redefined",
  "title_text": "Lanthanide carriers: biomedical imaging redefined",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/86jby73e73vsg",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Science and Engineering  International Journal",
  "versions": []
}