{
  "abstract": "Camera-on-tip surgical endoscopes for cardiovascular imaging capable of real-time hyperspectral imaging require high speed optical communication links that operate within the strict power and footprint constraints at the distal end of a surgical guidewire. To address these constraints a half-duplex reflective link was previously demonstrated in which a Surface Normal Electroabsorption Modulator (SNEAM) served as a dual-functional optical transceiver at the distal tip requiring 5 V bias voltage, which is nevertheless incompatible with low power CMOS driver technology. Additionally, practical half-duplex operation requires time coordinated gating of the up- and down-stream channels. Adopting direct laser gating introduces thermally induced wavelength chirp, producing a time-varying power penalty that erodes the available link margin. This increases the possibility of corrupted camera image frames in the upstream channel and risks misdiagnosis. In this work, a SNEAM with an optimized Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity has been designed and fabricated. The device achieves ∼10 dB extinction ratio with a 3 V pp swing and the operating bias is reduced to below 3 V, with ∼1 mW device power consumption at the distal end. A novel asymmetric gating strategy is proposed and experimentally validated, in which only the downstream laser is gated while the upstream laser operates continuously. Error free downstream operation (BER < 10 ⁻⁹ ) was experimentally validated at 0 dB downstream to upstream optical isolation. This asymmetric gating strategy improves link robustness against variable bending loss with only ∼0.2 mW additional static power overhead during the downstream time slot.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University College Cork"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Asif Khan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Valentina Rajkumari"
    },
    {
      "name": "Meena Baskaran"
    },
    {
      "name": "Owen Moynihan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cleitus Antony",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0466-8115"
    },
    {
      "name": "James O’Callaghan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brendan Roycroft",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5954-4078"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kevin Thomas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emanuele Pelucchi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7682-0601"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0912-1282"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Andersson-Engels",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5640-3122"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paul Townsend",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6373-2872"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brian Corbett",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9002-8212"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/87zyvamxf310p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1364/oe.611650",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "87zyvamxf310p",
  "issns": [
    "1094-4087"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-34-21-38916",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220707492",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/87zyvamxf310p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:09Z",
      "native_id": "10.1364/oe.611650",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-34-21-38916"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "issn:1094-4087",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Asymmetric laser gating for robust low power half-duplex optical link in camera-on-tip surgical endoscopes",
  "title_text": "Asymmetric laser gating for robust low power half-duplex optical link in camera-on-tip surgical endoscopes",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/87zyvamxf310p",
  "venue": "Optics Express",
  "versions": []
}