{
  "abstract": "Plant metabolism drives traits essential for productivity and resilience, yet understanding metabolic networks requires subcellular, cellular, and tissue-level spatial context that remains limited, particularly in crop species. Experimentally derived subcellular localization data for enzymes are sparse, constraining analyses of metabolic organization in the cell. We developed a high-throughput protoplast transformation and fluorescent protein (FP) tagging system optimized for Sorghum bicolor, a climate-resilient C₄ crop. Using this platform, we experimentally determined the subcellular localization of 234 metabolic enzymes spanning 184 pathways. The sorghum enzymes we characterized localize to 12 subcellular compartments. Comparison with computational predictions highlights variable accuracy across compartments, and cross-species comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana shows partial agreement with available experimental data. All data are accessible through the Sorghum Metabolic Atlas (www.sorghummetabolicatlas.org) web platform, enabling search, visualization, and download. This study presents a large-scale experimental dataset of enzyme localization in sorghum, providing a resource for studies of plant metabolic organization and comparative analyses.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Plant Biology, Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Science, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.",
    "Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.",
    "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.",
    "Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.",
    "Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.",
    "DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Purva Karia",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4263-4867"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "William P Dwyer",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3532-8754"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ava Kloss-Schmidt",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-4843-6477"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Charles Hawkins"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Bo Xue",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-3033"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Ginzburg",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5524-6153"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maxine L Gutierrez",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-1223-7652"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ritesh Mewalal",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0153-2434"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ian Blaby",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1631-3154"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "David W Ehrhardt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Seung Y Rhee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7572-4762"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/88jxgfsag5hfn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/tpj.71166",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13720221",
  "id": "88jxgfsag5hfn",
  "issns": [
    "0960-7412",
    "1365-313X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958708",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Resource"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224871311",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13720221?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720221",
  "pmid": "42958708",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/88jxgfsag5hfn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958708",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958708"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:09Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13720221",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.71166"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sorghum Metabolic Atlas: A fluorescent protein-based subcellular localization resource for sorghum enzymes.",
  "title_text": "Sorghum Metabolic Atlas: A fluorescent protein-based subcellular localization resource for sorghum enzymes.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/88jxgfsag5hfn",
  "venue": "The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology",
  "versions": []
}