{
  "abstract": "Background: Botulism, caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT/A and B), is a life-threatening disorder requiring rapid, effective therapeutic intervention. Plant-produced monoclonal antibodies offer a scalable alternative to conventional antibody manufacturing. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties of 1B18 monoclonal antibody (mAb), transiently expressed in and extracted from tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), which binds both BoNT/A and BoNT/B with high affinity. Methods: Male ICR mice (n = 12/group) received intravenous or intramuscular doses of plant-produced 1B18 mAb (25-100 µg), with serum samples collected across pre-dose and 13 post-administration timepoints (totaling 14 timepoints). Antibody quantification was performed using ELISA and LC-MS/MS to assess consistency and reliability. Results and Discussion: Following intravenous administration, the mAb exhibited prolonged elimination with half-lives ranging from 40.4 to 56.0 h (at 25 and 50 µg doses). ELISA-derived absolute bioavailability was approximately 99% and 85% at the 50 and 100 µg intramuscular doses, demonstrating efficient systemic absorption comparable to intravenous administration. ELISA was used as the primary quantitative method for pharmacokinetic evaluation, whereas LC-MS/MS provided exploratory, sequence-specific support for the observed concentration-time profiles. Because many LC-MS/MS-derived concentrations were below the mathematically estimated LOQ, cross-platform comparisons were interpreted cautiously and were not considered evidence of analytical equivalence or interchangeability. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that plant-derived 1B18 mAbs possess favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and high bioavailability, supporting their potential as long-acting therapeutic candidates for botulism treatment and advancing sustainable antibody production strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "MSc. Program in Research for Enterprise, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.",
    "Baiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand.",
    "Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.",
    "Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.",
    "Center of Excellence in Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nipaporn Simsom",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-9079-573X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pipob Suwanchaikasem"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kaewta Rattanapisit"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Waranyoo Phoolcharoen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5958-7406"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Vudhiporn Limprasutr",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0769-0297"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/88jxqv8xda6h0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ph19101597",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708563",
  "id": "88jxqv8xda6h0",
  "issns": [
    "1424-8247"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943294",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1305|Transgenic Plants and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221183831",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708563?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13708563",
  "pmid": "42943294",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/88jxqv8xda6h0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42943294",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943294"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1305|Transgenic Plants and Applications",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Plant-Derived Monoclonal Antibody Against Botulinum Neurotoxin: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in a Mouse Model.",
  "title_text": "Plant-Derived Monoclonal Antibody Against Botulinum Neurotoxin: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in a Mouse Model.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/88jxqv8xda6h0",
  "venue": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}