{
  "abstract": "This work provides a detailed and reproducible methodology for the fabrication of copper-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp-Cu) thin films on silicon substrates via Plasma-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition (PAPLD). The methodology is centered on the nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) target, physically modified through the incorporation of metallic copper filaments, which serve as a localized dopant source during the deposition process. This configuration enables the controlled co-deposition of hydroxyapatite and copper species, facilitating the formation of uniform thin films with potential bioactive properties. The proposed protocol comprises the following key elements: • Preparation of Targets: A comprehensive, stepwise procedure for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite powder and the subsequent fabrication of mechanically robust ceramic targets, including a novel approach for embedding copper filaments to ensure effective doping during laser ablation. • Deposition Parameters: Detailed specifications of the PAPLD system, encompassing laser characteristics (wavelength, fluence, repetition rate), target-to-substrate distance, and chamber vacuum conditions. These parameters have been optimized to ensure reproducibility in film growth and compositional consistency. • Validation Procedure: A systematic approach to validating the deposition process, focused on confirming the incorporation of copper into the hydroxyapatite matrix and verifying the formation of crystalline HAp-Cu films through targeted characterization techniques, distinct from exhaustive physicochemical or biological evaluations. The methodology described herein establishes a reliable framework for the fabrication of HAp-Cu coatings via PAPLD, offering a reproducible route for future studies requiring precise control over dopant incorporation within hydroxyapatite-based thin films. For further details regarding the physicochemical characterization and biological assessment of the resulting coatings, the reader is referred to a complementary publication by the authors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia",
    "Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia",
    "Doctorado en Ciencias, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia"
  ],
  "article_type": "Lab Protocol",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leonardo Bohorquez Santiago"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Diana Marcela Devia Narváez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rogelio Ospina Ospina"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8905cy0xmba95.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358441",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8905cy0xmba95",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358441",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Bone Tissue Engineering Materials"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Equipment/Laboratory equipment/Vacuum apparatus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Equipment/Optical equipment/Lasers"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Industrial engineering/Process engineering/Industrial processes/Manufacturing processes/Surface treatments/Chemical deposition"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Industrial engineering/Process engineering/Industrial processes/Manufacturing processes/Surface treatments/Coatings"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical elements/Copper"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Physical chemistry/Chemical deposition"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials/Ceramics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials/Coatings"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials/Thin films"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Microscopy/Electron microscopy/Scanning electron microscopy"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214393109",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0358441&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-25",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8905cy0xmba95.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358441",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358441"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "plos:materials science",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A detailed method for copper doping of synthetic hydroxyapatite thin films via plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition",
  "title_text": "A detailed method for copper doping of synthetic hydroxyapatite thin films via plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8905cy0xmba95",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}