{
  "abstract": "Purpose: diagnosing bacterial infections can be challenging, as the source of infection is often difficult to identify. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with bacteriaspecific agents offers a promising approach to localizing and potentially characterizing infection sites. In this study, we compared the selectivity of two iron chelators, the natural siderophore FOX E and its synthetic variant FOX 2-5, for targeting different pathogens when radiolabeled for molecular imaging. Methods: Both siderophores were evaluated across various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The siderophores were labeled with radioactive gallium-68 and iron-59 for short-term uptake assays. In addition, 68 Ga-labeled siderophores were applied in a murine infection model of the respective pathogens for PET imaging. Results: Our in vitro results demonstrated that both siderophores were taken up by bacteria when labeled with iron-59. However, when labeled with gallium-68, FOX 2-5 exhibited strain-specific differences: while gallium-68 uptake was similar for both chelators in S. aureus and A. baumannii, FOX 2-5 failed to accumulate in P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae unlike FOX E. These findings were confirmed in vivo with corresponding differences in the PET images of mouse infection models. Conclusion: minor modifications in the structure of siderophores can alter bacterial specificity, particularly when coordinated with gallium. Additionally, this study revealed a distinction in recognition between gallium and iron complexes in the Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. These findings highlight artificial siderophores as versatile, customizable agents for characterizing and potentially diagnosing bacterial infections.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Adriana Knoll"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kateřina Dvořáková Bendová"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isidor Happacher"
    },
    {
      "name": "Barbora Neužilová"
    },
    {
      "name": "Beate Abt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isabelle J. Schalk"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elzbieta Gumienna-Kontecka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hubertus Haas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Miloš Petřík"
    },
    {
      "name": "Clemens Decristoforo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8aqwzayhb4xgg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/cbmi.6c00132",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8aqwzayhb4xgg",
  "issns": [
    "2832-3637"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05735724v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2741|Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7203494397",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05735724/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-02",
  "publisher": "ACS",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8aqwzayhb4xgg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:27Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05735724",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05735724v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2741|Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications",
      "subfield": "imaging"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Artificial Siderophore Modification and Metal Coordination Providing Selectivity for Imaging of Bacterial Infections",
  "title_text": "Artificial Siderophore Modification and Metal Coordination Providing Selectivity for Imaging of Bacterial Infections",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:27Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8aqwzayhb4xgg",
  "venue": "Chemical & Biomedical Imaging",
  "versions": []
}