{
  "abstract": "Sap‐sucking insects, represented by the globally distributed leafhoppers, have evolved a wide range of adaptive traits and play multiple ecological roles. However, their successful survival strategies in nature remain poorly understood. To explore the adaptive mechanisms of sap‐sucking insects, we established a research system using three representative leafhopper species from the same family and found that they have acquired multiple cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins (CDCs) derived from gram‐positive bacterial genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these CDCs have been domesticated and co‐evolved with leafhoppers, ultimately participating in various life activities of the host. Specifically, some CDCs exhibit high cytotoxicity, are specifically expressed in the egg serosa, and affect the feeding behaviors of leafhopper predators; others show non‐cytotoxic activity, are specifically expressed in the gut, and may regulate leafhopper growth and development by potentially maintaining the homeostasis of the leafhopper gut microbiome. This study uncovers leafhoppers as a paradigm for understanding how organisms can borrow microbial innovations to address ecological challenges and thrive as agricultural pests. It provides a comprehensive perspective to bridge the genotypes of acquired genes with the phenotypes of adaptive traits and demonstrates how homologous genes from donor organisms undergo functional differentiation in recipient hosts, enabling them to exploit new ecological niches. By decoding these mechanisms, we not only gain fundamental insights into evolutionary processes but also develop powerful strategies for sustainable pest management.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Modulation Research, School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China",
    "College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China",
    "The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Tsinghua University‐Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing China",
    "National Center for Protein Science and Core Facilities at School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China",
    "Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China",
    "College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China",
    "Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing China",
    "Institute of Ecology Peking University Beijing China",
    "Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies Chengdu China",
    "Medog Biodiversity Observation and Research Station of Xizang Autonomous Region Nyingchi China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zhenjia Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0473-2738"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yubo Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kun Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guangyuan Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhihao Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dongju Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yiqun Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianguo Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Liying Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Lisheng Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Xinhai Ye",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0203-0663"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Li Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        7,
        8,
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Wei Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yi Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8b1hepyhe6jze.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/imt2.70179",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670155/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8b1hepyhe6jze",
  "issns": [
    "2770-5986",
    "2770-596X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670155",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1109|Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222323849",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670155/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13670155",
  "pmid": "42889749",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8b1hepyhe6jze.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13670155",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670155"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:39Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13670155",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/imt2.70179"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1109|Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Domesticated bacterial origin genes regulate homeostasis of the insect gut microbiome and empower adaptation",
  "title_text": "Domesticated bacterial origin genes regulate homeostasis of the insect gut microbiome and empower adaptation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:20:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8b1hepyhe6jze",
  "venue": "IMeta",
  "versions": []
}