{
  "abstract": "Objective: To assess the usability and performance of digital medication management systems (DMS) for patients with stable ambulatory schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.\n\nMethods: This prospective, interventional study comprised a screening phase (up to 4 weeks), training phase (3 weeks: system use under the support), and independent phase (5 weeks under the minimized support) with a follow-up period of 2 weeks. Based on the DSM-5 criteria, patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, taking an atypical antipsychotic as their primary medication, and having access to a smartphone were included in this study.\n\nResults: A total of 30 patients participated in the study. The main characteristics of the patients were as follows: age, 43.5 ± 11.4 years; male percentage, 40% (n = 12); duration of antipsychotic drug use, 14.2 ± 11.7 years; educational period, 13.3 ± 2.1 years; chlorpromazine (CP) equivalent dose, 369.6 ± 253.6 mg/day; and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), 23.6 ± 4.8. The patients applied patches with the sensor of the DMS embedded in (hereinafter, a wearable sensors) for 93.2% of the study period. The patients could apply the patch independently and successfully and synchronize it with a smartphone application that allowed them to monitor their medication intake in 15.2 ± 8.1 days (median, 9.0; interquartile range (IQR), 1.0–15.0 days after initiation). Thirty-eight adverse events that were reported in 17 patients were classified as mild or moderate, and were related to wearable sensor use.\n\nConclusion: It was concluded that most patients completed the task for the DMS with minimal assistance early in the study and continued to apply wearable sensors throughout the study period. Moreover, the results confirmed the feasibility of DMS in clinical practical use in stable schizophrenia.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Research in Medicine and life Science, Keio University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine",
    "Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry",
    "Department of Clinical Data Science, Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital",
    "Department of Healthcare Management, Kyorin University School of Medicine",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Inokashira Hospital",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Asaka Hospital",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Sakuragaoka Kinen Hospital",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Oizumi Hospital",
    "Digital Business Office, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.",
    "Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.",
    "Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine",
    "Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Taishiro Kishimoto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Harumasa Takano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ryo Kanzaka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hisateru Tachimori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hideki Oi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hiroyuki Ogino"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Kyosuke Sawada"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Fumiaki Kumagai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Masayuki Tomita"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Iku Nakayama"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Yoshiyuki Shibasaki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Toshiaki Kikuchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Hiroyoshi Takeuchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Kazuyuki Nakagome"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8bj2tzrryw1s4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903689",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687323",
  "id": "8bj2tzrryw1s4",
  "issns": [
    "1664-0640"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903689/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3600|Mobile Health and mHealth Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221018175",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687323?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687323",
  "pmid": "42923238",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8bj2tzrryw1s4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:18Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903689",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903689/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923238",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923238"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1664-0640",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Usability of digital medicine systems in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder",
  "title_text": "Usability of digital medicine systems in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8bj2tzrryw1s4",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Psychiatry",
  "versions": []
}