{
  "abstract": "This review surveys machine learning approaches for cathode materials in secondary metal-ion batteries, covering classical algorithms, deep neural networks and graph neural networks, and linking them to the main cathode chemistries and electrochemical target properties. We provide a structured technical classification of model classes, their input representations, and the databases and descriptors most commonly used. We also discuss reproducibility and standardized benchmarking practices needed to support reliable comparisons between machine learning methodologies. Particular emphasis is placed on methodological factors affecting the physical consistency and transferability of graph neural network-based models for cathodes, including how transition metal chemistry affects the prediction of average voltage and formation energy. Across the reviewed approaches, dataset coverage, structural fidelity and the complexity of cathode chemistry emerge as major limitations to reliable property prediction. Finally, we discuss prospective directions, including the potential roles of large language models and quantum machine learning in data-driven cathode discovery.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division for the Development of Systems for Informatics and ICT (ICT), Department for Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources (TERIN), ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C. R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy",
    "Division for the Development of Systems for Informatics and ICT (ICT), Department for Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources (TERIN), ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C. R. Bologna, Via dei Mille, 21, 40121 Bologna, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marco Catillo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9737-6124"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Buonocore",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5028-4468"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Serena D’Onofrio",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-8226-1010"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Simone Giusepponi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0553-7697"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Massimo Celino",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9707-991X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8c34cghfy132z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/batteries12110474",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8c34cghfy132z",
  "issns": [
    "2313-0105"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/11/474",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8c34cghfy132z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:23Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/batteries12110474",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/11/474"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2313-0105",
      "subfield": "electrochemistry-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Machine Learning for Cathode Materials in Secondary Metal-Ion Batteries",
  "title_text": "Machine Learning for Cathode Materials in Secondary Metal-Ion Batteries",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8c34cghfy132z",
  "venue": "Batteries",
  "versions": []
}