{
  "abstract": "Objective\n\nThis study examined the reliability and validity of a combined 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS-25) and Locomotion Dysfunction Grade scale (LDG) classification protocol in older adults with locomotor dysfunction, and explored which objective gait and muscle activation parameters were most strongly associated with GLFS-25 scores.Methods\n\nThe GLFS-25 and LDG were used to assess 289 older adults with locomotor dysfunction, of whom 60 underwent gait analysis and surface electromyography (sEMG).Results\n\nReliability analysis yielded a Cronbach's α of 0.702 for the GLFS-25, indicating acceptable but modest internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis extracted nine factors, accounting for 55.193% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed X²/df = 1.424, RMSEA = 0.038 (90% CI: 0.000-0.060), and SRMR = 0.055, indicating acceptable fit; however, CFI = 0.821, TLI = 0.801, and IFI = 0.830 were below 0.90, suggesting partial rather than strong construct validity. In exploratory ridge regression, the model showed an in-sample R² of 0.858, which should be interpreted with caution. Step length showed a positive association with the GLFS-25 score, while knee flexion during swing and the ratio of pressure onset time of the middle foot showed negative associations (P < 0.05). However, individual coefficients should be interpreted cautiously.Conclusion\n\nThe GLFS-25 demonstrated acceptable but modest reliability and partial construct validity in this population. In exploratory analyses, its scores showed a strong in-sample association with objective gait and sEMG measures. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require external validation in independent cohorts. Objective measures remain complementary to, rather than substitutes for, subjective assessment. Registration: ChiCTR2400087701.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Rehabilitation, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.",
    "School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wen Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chunxiao Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lifeng Qian"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8c791zcadsz61.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2026.1980454",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677845",
  "id": "8c791zcadsz61",
  "issns": [
    "1663-4365"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898466",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3612|Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220357130",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677845?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13677845",
  "pmid": "42898466",
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8c791zcadsz61.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42898466",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898466"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dual-scale assessment of motor dysfunction in older adults with locomotor dysfunction and its association with gait and muscle activation.",
  "title_text": "Dual-scale assessment of motor dysfunction in older adults with locomotor dysfunction and its association with gait and muscle activation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8c791zcadsz61",
  "venue": "Frontiers in aging neuroscience",
  "versions": []
}