{
  "abstract": "Programmable photonic meshes can perform general linear transformations, but universal transformations on $N$ modes require $O(N^2)$ programmable phase shifters, which cannot simultaneously achieve low drive voltage, gigahertz speed, zero static power, lossless modulation, and a compact footprint. Signal routing does not require universal transformations, which allows considerable circuit simplifications. We present a compact reflective circuit architecture that connects all input-output pairs across $N$ modes in $N$ steps using only $O(N)$ programmable phase shifters. The circuit comprises a single passive $N\\times N$ interferometer and a single column of programmable reflective phase shifters. We demonstrate the architecture by implementing a $3\\times 3$ router in x-cut thin-film lithium niobate with a passive multimode interferometer and phase shifters based on single-sided photonic-crystal nanobeam cavities. Our programmable devices exhibit a $1.92$ GHz/V resonance tuning efficiency via the Pockels effect, a footprint of $100\\,μ\\mathrm{m}^2$, sub-5-V drive voltage, and a 6.2 GHz electro-optic bandwidth. Through voltage-space characterization and physical modeling, we identify routing states with extinction ratios exceeding 11 dB at each output and demonstrate sequential routing at an equipment-limited speed of 10 MHz. Our results establish cavity-enhanced Pockels switching as a routing layer for classical and quantum computing interconnects across visible and near-infrared wavelengths.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.31757",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Alessandro Buzzi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bjarke A. Frederiksen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dashiell L. P. Vitullo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mikkel Heuck"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dirk R. Englund"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8cj7d4z5b2fns.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.31757",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8cj7d4z5b2fns",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31757",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3107|Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223702720",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.31757",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8cj7d4z5b2fns.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:35:50Z",
      "native_id": "2610.31757",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31757"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Multiport photonic routing with a single cavity-based electro-optic phase shifter per port",
  "title_text": "Multiport photonic routing with a single cavity-based electro-optic phase shifter per port",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8cj7d4z5b2fns",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}