{
  "abstract": "Gender norms and bias influence how health workers interpret and deliver sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) services, contributing to stigma, discrimination, and inequities in care. This scoping review aimed to map training tools and educational interventions designed to strengthen health workers’ competencies and address gender bias in SRHR care. This scoping review followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were conducted across multiple databases and organizational websites for literature published between 2000 and November, 2025. Eligible records included manuals, curricula, toolkits, and educational interventions targeting health workers and addressing gender norms, bias, values, or stigma in SRHR care. Data were extracted and synthesized using descriptive and narrative approaches. A total of 128 sources were included, comprising 25 toolkits/manuals and 103 intervention reports representing 100 unique intervention approaches. Together, they covered diverse SRHR domains and used multi-component pedagogical approaches, including didactic instruction (98.4%), reflective or values-based learning (83.2%), and experiential methods such as role-play, simulation, and case-based learning (92%). Most interventions emphasized equitable, person-centered care (98.4%) and 68.8% incorporated gender-transformative elements, while 74.4% included system-level components. Across the mapped literature, gender-transformative and system-level approaches were incorporated to varying degrees, reflecting variability in their integration across educational interventions. Overall, the review highlights the breadth and characteristics of existing training approaches and identifies opportunities for greater integration of gender-transformative and system-level strategies in future SRHR training and evaluation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America",
    "Cochrane Nigeria, Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria",
    "Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria",
    "Syndicate Bio, Lagos, Nigeria",
    "Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chioma Oringanje"
    },
    {
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Joshua Meremikwu"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Babasola Okusanya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Chukwudi Moses Oringanje"
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    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Moriam Chibuzor"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ememobong Aquaisua"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anthony Okoro"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deborah Ndukwu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Martin Madu Meremikwu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8d6j1hjjvnkyh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359704",
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  "issns": [
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "2739|Sex and Gender in Healthcare"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Learning/Human learning"
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    ],
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Nurses"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Public and occupational health/Global health"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Women's health/Maternal health"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Women's health/Obstetrics and gynecology/Termination of pregnancy"
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      "/People and places/Population groupings/Professions/Medical personnel/Midwives"
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      "/People and places/Population groupings/Professions/Medical personnel/Nurses"
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0359704&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8d6j1hjjvnkyh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
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    {
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      "origin": "plos:global health",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:women's health",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
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  "title": "Addressing gender bias in sexual and reproductive health care: A scoping review of training tools and interventions",
  "title_text": "Addressing gender bias in sexual and reproductive health care: A scoping review of training tools and interventions",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8d6j1hjjvnkyh",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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}