{
  "abstract": "Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.); however, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms governing grapevine adaptation across varying P supply levels—from deficiency to toxicity—require further clarification. This study evaluated the morphophysiological, nutritional, and biochemical adaptations of two contrasting grapevine cultivars, ‘Khalili’ and ‘Perlette’, to varying P levels: 0 mM (deficiency), 2.5 mM (sufficiency), and 5 mM (excess/toxicity). Results demonstrated that vegetative growth parameters—including stem length, stem diameter, lateral shoot number, and shoot dry weight—peaked under P sufficiency (2.5 mM), whereas severe P deficiency and P excess significantly impaired shoot development. In contrast, root dry weight remained comparable between 2.5 and 5 mM P, resulting in a higher root-to-shoot ratio under P excess. Nutrient profiling revealed distinct tissue-specific partitioning: P supply promoted foliar P and N accumulation while altering root macronutrient status (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), but sharply reduced foliar Fe and Zn concentrations. In roots, elevated P suppressed Fe, Mn, and Cu accumulation while enhancing Zn uptake. Both P deficiency and excess triggered oxidative stress, evidenced by up-regulated activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase) in leaves and roots. Cultivar-specific responses were prominent: P deficiency induced substantial anthocyanin accumulation and higher leaf starch content in ‘Khalili’, whereas ‘Perlette’ maintained more stable ionic homeostasis under P excess. Overall, 2.5 mM P represents the physiological optimum for grapevine vegetative development, while both extreme deficiency and excess impair growth via distinct mineral imbalances and oxidative stress cascades.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.",
    "Grape Production and Genetic Improvement Department, Iranian Grape and Raisin Institute, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.",
    "Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran.",
    "Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Hatay Olive Research Institute Directorate, Hassa, Hatay, Türkiye.",
    "ICAR - Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India."
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Zaeri Behrooz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rouhollah Karimi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ali Khadivi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6354-445X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yazgan Tunç",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3228-8657"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lalu Prasad Yadav"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ev3hpbtm1cjg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361111",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704810",
  "id": "8ev3hpbtm1cjg",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361111",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Antioxidants"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Plant growth and development/Root growth"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Nutrients"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Flowering plants/Grapevine"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Fruits/Grapes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Leaves"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant growth and development/Root growth"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Nutrients"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Organic compounds/Carbohydrates/Starches"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Phosphates"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Organic chemistry/Organic compounds/Carbohydrates/Starches"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223670718",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704810?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704810",
  "pmid": "42932272",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ev3hpbtm1cjg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361111",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361111"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:51Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42932272",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42932272"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:developmental biology",
      "subfield": "developmental-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:plant science",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:nutrition",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Morphophysiological and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars to phosphorus deficiency and toxicity",
  "title_text": "Morphophysiological and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars to phosphorus deficiency and toxicity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ev3hpbtm1cjg",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}