{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Maxillary expansion changes the occlusion and may alter the position of the mandibular condyle. Most cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies have assessed the joint shortly after tooth-borne expansion and in the sagittal plane only. This study evaluated the condyle–fossa relationship from before expansion to the end of passive retention in the sagittal and coronal planes. Methods: In this retrospective study, 33 adolescents aged 12–17 years (66 condyles) treated with a tooth-borne Hyrax appliance (n = 16) or a tooth-bone-borne microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE; n = 17) were analysed. CBCT scans obtained before expansion (T0) and at the end of retention (T1; mean T0–T1 interval 6.3 months) were used to measure five joint spaces, the Pullinger concentricity index, intermolar width, overjet and overbite. Changes were assessed with paired tests and equivalence testing (±0.5 mm). Results: No joint space changed significantly (largest mean change 0.25 mm), and nine of ten were equivalent to no change within ±0.5 mm. The Pullinger index did not change, although individual category changes were frequent. Intermolar width increased by 5.07 mm (p < 0.001). No difference between appliances was detected in exploratory, baseline-adjusted analyses. Conclusions: No systematic group-level change in the condyle–fossa relationship was detected at the end of retention; individual variability was considerable.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, 34015 Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, 34015 Istanbul, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Esra Ağaoğlu Mogul",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0049-3004"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Merve Yelken Kendirci"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Melda Pelin Akkitap"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ezkkezaj6fmw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15218503",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8ezkkezaj6fmw",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8503",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ezkkezaj6fmw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15218503",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8503"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Condyle–Fossa Relationship After Maxillary Expansion with Tooth-Borne and Tooth-Bone-Borne Appliances: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study at the End of Retention",
  "title_text": "The Condyle–Fossa Relationship After Maxillary Expansion with Tooth-Borne and Tooth-Bone-Borne Appliances: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study at the End of Retention",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ezkkezaj6fmw",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}