{
  "abstract": "The diagnostic value of the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in peripheral blood as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a subject of considerable interest. However, this ratio in plasma exosomes is still underestimated. To investigate the potential clinical performances, this study has established a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for the specific detection of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 in plasma exosomes using single-chain variable fragments (scFv). Plasma samples from 20 AD patients and 20 non-AD individuals were detected by the established scFv-based CLIA, with the traditional monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based CLIA as the reference method. The results demonstrated that the plasma exosome Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in AD patients (0.70 ± 0.35) was significantly lower than that in the non-AD control group (1.82 ± 0.79, p < 0.001). In comparison with the mAb-based assay, the scFv-based CLIA exhibited superior analytical performance, with a lower limit of detection (1 pg/mL vs. 50 pg/mL) and higher specificity (cross-reactivity rate < 5%). When the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio of 1.075 was set as the cutoff value, the scFv-based assay achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 90.0%, which was numerically higher than that of the mAb-based assay (85.0%), with comparable specificity (90.0% vs. 90.0%). Generally, this study has developed a highly sensitive and specific scFv-based method for the detection of plasma exosome Aβ subtypes, which supports that the plasma exosome Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio is a potential non-invasive biomarker for differentiating clinically diagnosed AD from non-AD controls in this pilot cohort.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaojin Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hui Jiang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8044-758X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g5qeqgpxswfj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms272110006",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8g5qeqgpxswfj",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10006",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-08",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g5qeqgpxswfj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms272110006",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10006"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Single-Chain Variable Fragments Targeting Plasma Exosome Amyloid-β Peptide Subtypes for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease",
  "title_text": "Single-Chain Variable Fragments Targeting Plasma Exosome Amyloid-β Peptide Subtypes for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g5qeqgpxswfj",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}