{
  "abstract": "Navigating a vast formulation-preparation design space that is highly sensitive to perturbations makes trial-and-error approaches inefficient and costly for diverse clinical needs. Here, we introduce an expert-mimic AI framework called E-MAF that integrates a process-aware surrogate with an optimized genetic algorithm to emulate coarse-to-fine reasoning, autonomously generating lab-ready designs tailored to desired release profiles. We show that E-MAF delivers on-demand release and shortens design cycles from 6-12 months to approximately 1 hour. We demonstrate that in vitro release, in vivo pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects match or surpass commercial benchmarks across 7 active pharmaceutical ingredients. We show that E-MAF also enables release profiles that are hard to achieve by conventional approaches, exemplified by ≤2% risperidone burst within 1 h and near-zero-order release over ~28 days in vivo. These results demonstrate E-MAF's potential to accelerate polymeric controlled-release system development and drug-delivery industrialization.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.",
    "Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.",
    "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.",
    "School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.",
    "Huili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China.",
    "School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. yangyd25@mail.sysu.edu.cn.",
    "Department of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China. yining.dong@cityu.edu.hk.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China. yfxia@ipe.ac.cn.",
    "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China. yfxia@ipe.ac.cn."
  ],
  "article_type": "research support, non u.s. gov't",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ying Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rushuang Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yali Ming"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Bohao Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-0627-806X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yuning Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Donglin Sui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jingxuan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hang Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Guanghui Ma",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9154-5556"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yuedong Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6782-2813"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Yining Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Yufei Xia",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1215-6128"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g63089zgxmf9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-77619-5",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13669340",
  "id": "8g63089zgxmf9",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42875418",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3003|Advanced Drug Delivery Systems"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213355353",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13669340?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13669340",
  "pmid": "42875418",
  "published": "2026-09-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g63089zgxmf9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42875418",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42875418"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3003|Advanced Drug Delivery Systems",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "On-demand design of controlled-release systems using an expert-mimic AI framework.",
  "title_text": "On-demand design of controlled-release systems using an expert-mimic AI framework.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g63089zgxmf9",
  "venue": "Nature communications",
  "versions": []
}