{
  "abstract": "Thorium-229 doped calcium fluoride ($^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$) is a leading candidate for a solid-state nuclear clock, owing to the unusually low energy of the $^{229}$Th isomer transition at 8.3557\\,eV and the very high banggap of CaF$_2$ around 12\\,eV. Here we report a temperature-dependent study of $^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$ luminescence, covering radioluminescence, photoluminescence, thermoluminescence, and afterglow. Using synchrotron x-ray excitation together with a cryo-vacuum system, we resolve the thermal quenching of the self-trapped exciton (STE) scintillation into its triplet and singlet components, identify eleven thermoluminescence glow peaks together with their associated emission bands, and separate the temperature-dependent components that make up the long-lived afterglow. The trap depths obtained in this way are closely correlated with the temperature dependence of x-ray-induced isomer quenching, including the enhanced isomer yield near \\SI{-60}{\\celsius} and the minimum near \\SI{-80}{\\celsius}, supporting the carrier-trapping picture in which trapped carriers are unavailable to quench the nucleus. Taken together, these results connect the optical and nuclear observables of $^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$ through a unified picture of electron defects and Th-related traps, while providing a comprehensive characterization of the material relevant to solid-state nuclear clock operation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.38843",
  "author_total": 19,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ming Guan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Bartokos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kjeld Beeks"
    },
    {
      "name": "Takahiro Hiraki"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shinji Kitao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Takahiko Masuda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nobumoto Nagasawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Koichi Okai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ryoichiro Ogake"
    },
    {
      "name": "Martin Pimon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Noboru Sasao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fabian Schaden"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thorsten Schumm"
    },
    {
      "name": "Makoto Seto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kenji Tamasaku"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sayuri Takatori"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yoshitaka Yoda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Akihiro Yoshimi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Koji Yoshimura"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g64q6qp7kwbk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.38843",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8g64q6qp7kwbk",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38843",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3108|Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215123104",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.38843",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g64q6qp7kwbk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
      "native_id": "2609.38843",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38843"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Defect Dynamics and Isomer Quenching in $^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$ Crystals",
  "title_text": "Defect Dynamics and Isomer Quenching in ^229Th:CaF_2 Crystals",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8g64q6qp7kwbk",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}